State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal.
Acta Biomater. 2022 Nov;153:68-84. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.021. Epub 2022 Sep 14.
Silk fibroin (SF) is a promising biomaterial due to its good biocompatibility, easy availability, and high mechanical properties. Compared with mulberry silk fibroin (MSF), nonmulberry silk fibroin (NSF) isolated from typical nonmulberry silkworm silk exhibits unique arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequences with favorable cell adhesion enhancing effect. This inherent property probably makes the NSF more suitable for cell culture and tissue regeneration-related applications. Accordingly, various types of NSF-based biomaterials, such as particles, films, fiber mats, and 3D scaffolds, are constructed and their application potential in different biomedical fields is extensively investigated. Based on these promising NSF biomaterials, this review firstly makes a systematical comparison between the molecular structure and properties of MSF and typical NSF and highlights the unique properties of NSF. In addition, we summarize the effective fabrication strategies from degummed nonmulberry silk fibers to regenerated NSF-based biomaterials with controllable formats and their recent application progresses in cell behavior regulation and tissue regeneration. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives for the fabrication and application of NSF-based biomaterials are discussed. Related research and perspectives may provide valuable references for designing and modifying effective NSF-based and other natural biomaterials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There exist many reviews about mulberry silk fibroin (MSF) biomaterials and their biomedical applications, while that about nonmulberry silk fibroin (NSF) biomaterials is scarce. Compared with MSF, NSF exhibits unique arginine-glycine-aspartic acid sequences with promising cell adhesion enhancing effect, which makes NSF more suitable for cell culture and tissue regeneration related applications. Focusing on these advanced NSF biomaterials, this review has systematically compared the structure and properties of MSF and NSF, and emphasized the unique properties of NSF. Following that, the effective construction strategies for NSF-based biomaterials are summarized, and their recent applications in cell behavior regulations and tissue regenerations are highlighted. Furthermore, current challenges and future perspectives for the fabrication and application of NSF-based biomaterials were discussed.
丝素蛋白（SF）是一种很有前途的生物材料，因为它具有良好的生物相容性、易于获得和较高的机械性能。与桑蚕丝素蛋白（MSF）相比，从典型的非桑蚕茧丝中分离出的非桑蚕丝素蛋白（NSF）具有独特的精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸（RGD）序列，具有良好的细胞黏附增强效果。这种固有特性可能使 NSF 更适合细胞培养和组织再生相关应用。因此，构建了各种类型的 NSF 基生物材料，如颗粒、薄膜、纤维垫和 3D 支架，并广泛研究了它们在不同生物医学领域的应用潜力。基于这些有前途的 NSF 生物材料，本综述首先系统比较了 MSF 和典型 NSF 的分子结构和性质，并强调了 NSF 的独特性质。此外，我们总结了从去胶非桑蚕丝纤维到可控制格式的再生 NSF 基生物材料的有效制备策略，以及它们在细胞行为调控和组织再生方面的最新应用进展。最后，讨论了 NSF 基生物材料的制备和应用面临的当前挑战和未来展望。相关研究和观点可能为设计和改进有效的 NSF 基和其他天然生物材料提供有价值的参考。
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