Structure-activity relationships and the underlying mechanism of α-amylase inhibition by hyperoside and quercetin: Multi-spectroscopy and molecular docking analyses.

Inhibiting the activity of α-amylase has been considered an effective strategy to manage hyperglycemia. Hyperoside and quercetin are the main natural flavonoids in various plants, and the inhibition mechanism on α-amylase remains unclear. In this study, the structure-activity relationships between hyperoside/quercetin and α-amylase were evaluated by enzyme kinetic analysis, multi-spectroscopic techniques, and molecular docking analysis. Results showed that hyperoside and quercetin exhibited significant α-amylase inhibitory activities with IC values of 0.491 and 0.325 mg/mL, respectively. The α-amylase activity decreased in the presence of hyperoside and quercetin in a competitive and noncompetitive manner, respectively. UV-vis spectra suggested that the aromatic amino acid residues (Trp and Tyr) microenvironment of α-amylase changed in the presence of these two flavonoids. FTIR and CD spectra showed the vibrations of the amide bands and the secondary structure content changes. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of α-amylase by hyperoside and quercetin belonged to the static quenching type. Finally, molecular docking intuitively showed that hyperoside/quercetin formed hydrogen bonds with the key active site residues (Asp197, Glu233, and Asp300) in α-amylase. MD simulation indicated hyperoside/quercetin-α-amylase docked complexes had good stability. Taken together, this research provides new sights to developing potent drugs or functional foods with hyperoside and quercetin, offering new avenues for hyperglycemia treatment.