Zhang Jianhua, Gao Li, Bergmann David, Bulatovic Tamara, Surapaneni Aravind, Gray Stephen
Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia.
Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia; South East Water Corporation, PO Box 2268, Seaford, Victoria 3198, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jan 1;854:158796. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158796. Epub 2022 Sep 14.
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of synthetic organofluorine compounds. Over 4700 PFAS compounds have been produced and used in our daily life since the 1940s. PFAS have received considerable interest because of their toxicity, environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and wide existence in the environment. Various treatment methods have been developed to overcome these issues. Thermal treatment such as combustion and pyrolysis/gasification have been employed to treat PFAS contaminated solids and soils. However, short-chain PFAS and/or volatile organic fluorine is produced and emitted via exhaust gas during the thermal treatment. Combustion can achieve complete mineralisation of PFAS at large scale operation using temperatures >1000 °C. Pyrolysis has been used in treatment of biosolids and has demonstrated that it could remove PFAS completely from the generated biochar by evaporation and degradation. Although pyrolysis partially degrades PFAS to short-chain fluorine containing organics in the syngas, it could not efficiently mineralise PFAS. Combustion of PFAS containing syngas at 1000 °C can achieve complete mineralisation of PFAS. Furthermore, the by-product of mineralisation, HF, should also be monitored due to its low regulated atmospheric discharge values. Alkali scrubbing is normally required to lower the HF concentration in the exhaust gas to acceptable discharge concentrations.
多氟烷基和全氟烷基物质（PFAS）是一大类合成有机氟化合物。自20世纪40年代以来，已有超过4700种PFAS化合物被生产并用于我们的日常生活中。由于PFAS具有毒性、环境持久性、生物累积性以及在环境中的广泛存在，它们受到了广泛关注。人们已经开发了各种处理方法来解决这些问题。诸如燃烧以及热解/气化等热处理方法已被用于处理受PFAS污染的固体和土壤。然而，在热处理过程中，短链PFAS和/或挥发性有机氟会通过废气产生并排放。在大规模操作中，使用温度>1000°C的燃烧可以实现PFAS的完全矿化。热解已被用于处理生物固体，并且已证明它可以通过蒸发和降解从生成的生物炭中完全去除PFAS。尽管热解会将PFAS部分降解为合成气中含氟的短链有机物，但它不能有效地使PFAS矿化。在1000°C下燃烧含PFAS的合成气可以实现PFAS的完全矿化。此外，由于其大气排放限值较低，矿化副产物HF也应受到监测。通常需要进行碱洗以将废气中的HF浓度降低到可接受的排放浓度。
