Wallace Joshua S, Edirisinghe Dulan, Seyedi Saba, Noteboom Haley, Blate Micah, Balci Derya Dursun, Abu-Orf Mohammad, Sharp Robert, Brown Jeanette, Aga Diana S
Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
RENEW Institute, University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
J Hazard Mater Lett. 2023 Nov;4. doi: 10.1016/j.hazl.2023.100079. Epub 2023 Jun 27.
Concerns surrounding potential health and environmental impacts of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are growing at tremendous rates because adverse health impacts are expected with trace-level exposures. Extreme measures are required to mitigate potential PFAS contamination and minimize exposures. Extensive PFAS use results in the release of diverse PFAS species from domestic, industrial, and municipal effluents to wastewater, which partition to biosolids throughout secondary treatment. Biosolids generated during municipal wastewater treatment are a major environmental source of PFAS due to prevailing disposal practices as fertilizers. Pyrolysis is emerging as a viable, scalable technology for PFAS removal from biosolids while retaining nutrients and generating renewable, raw materials for energy generation. Despite early successes of pyrolysis in PFAS removal, significant unknowns remain about PFAS and transformation product fates in pyrolysis products and emissions. Applicable PFAS sampling methods, analytical workflows, and removal assessments are currently limited to a subset of high-interest analytes and matrices. Further, analysis of exhaust gases, particulate matter, fly ashes, and other pyrolysis end-products remain largely unreported or limited due to cost and sampling limitations. This paper identifies critical knowledge gaps on the pyrolysis of biosolids that must be addressed to assess the effectiveness of PFAS removal during pyrolysis treatment.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）对健康和环境的潜在影响正引发越来越多的关注，且关注度正急剧上升，因为即使是痕量暴露也可能产生不良健康影响。需要采取极端措施来减轻PFAS的潜在污染并尽量减少暴露。PFAS的广泛使用导致各种PFAS从家庭、工业和城市废水中释放到废水中，在二级处理过程中这些物质会分配到生物固体中。由于普遍采用作为肥料的处置方式，城市污水处理过程中产生的生物固体是PFAS的主要环境来源。热解正成为一种可行的、可扩展的技术，用于从生物固体中去除PFAS，同时保留养分并产生可再生的能源原料。尽管热解在去除PFAS方面取得了初步成功，但PFAS及其转化产物在热解产物和排放物中的归宿仍存在重大未知因素。目前适用的PFAS采样方法、分析工作流程和去除评估仅限于一部分高关注度的分析物和基质。此外，由于成本和采样限制，废气、颗粒物、飞灰和其他热解终产物的分析大多未报告或受到限制。本文确定了生物固体热解方面的关键知识空白，要评估热解处理过程中PFAS的去除效果，必须解决这些空白。
