Pennington J A, Wilson D B, Young B E, Johnson R D, Vanderveen J E
J Am Diet Assoc. 1987 Aug;87(8):1036-42.
Results from the Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study on the nutrient element content of fluid whole cow's milk are presented and compared with previously published values. Whole milk was collected and analyzed yearly from 1975 through 1985. Yearly and overall means were similar for all elements except iron and iodine. The iron content of milk was generally low, but several samples had high levels. The distribution of iodine in whole milk was quite wide (0.002 to 0.094 mg/100 gm). The iodine content of milk is affected by the level of iodine added to cattle feed and by the use of iodophor sanitizing solutions used by the dairy industry. Overall mean levels of the elements in milligrams per 100 gm whole milk were: sodium, 42; potassium, 134; calcium, 106; phosphorus, 83; magnesium, 9.8; iron, 0.07; zinc, 0.37; copper, 0.009; manganese, 0.004; iodine, 0.034; and selenium, 0.001. Coefficients of variation were high (67% to 117%) for iron, copper, manganese, selenium, and iodine but ranged from 18% to 26% for the other elements. An 8-fl oz serving of whole milk is an excellent source of iodine, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium. It also provides some sodium, magnesium, zinc, and selenium but is not a reliable source of iron, copper, or manganese.
美国食品药品监督管理局关于液态全脂牛奶营养元素含量的总膳食研究结果已公布，并与之前发表的值进行了比较。从1975年到1985年，每年收集并分析全脂牛奶。除铁和碘外，所有元素的年度均值和总体均值相似。牛奶中的铁含量通常较低，但有几个样本含量较高。全脂牛奶中碘的分布范围很广（0.002至0.094毫克/100克）。牛奶中的碘含量受添加到牛饲料中的碘水平以及乳制品行业使用的碘伏消毒溶液的影响。每100克全脂牛奶中各元素的总体平均含量（毫克）为：钠42；钾134；钙106；磷83；镁9.8；铁0.07；锌0.37；铜0.009；锰0.004；碘0.034；硒0.001。铁、铜、锰、硒和碘的变异系数较高（67%至117%），而其他元素的变异系数在18%至26%之间。一份8液量盎司的全脂牛奶是碘、钙、磷和钾的优质来源。它还提供一些钠、镁、锌和硒，但不是铁、铜或锰的可靠来源。
