Darbandi Atieh, Alamdary Shabnam Zeighamy, Koupaei Maryam, Ghanavati Roya, Heidary Mohsen, Talebi Malihe
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Sep 2;9:903890. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.903890. eCollection 2022.
Despite the accessibility of several live attenuated vaccines for animals, currently, there is no licensed vaccine for brucellosis in human populations. Available and confirmed animal vaccines may be harmful and considered inappropriate for humans. Thus, human vaccines for brucellosis are required. We aimed to evaluate the effects of vaccines on mouse models and discuss the potential mechanisms of these vaccines for the design of the appropriate human vaccines.
A systematic search was carried out in Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed/Medline databases. The following MeSH terms were applied: brucellosis, vaccine, , and vaccination. The original manuscripts describing the vaccines on mouse models were included. The review articles, editorials, correspondences, case reports, case series, duplicate publications, and articles with insufficient data were excluded.
Of the 163 full texts that were screened, 17 articles reached to inclusion criteria. Combining the results of these trials revealed a reduction in bacterial load and colonization rate of in the spleen, an increase in inflammatory markers, especially IFN-γ and IL-4, and the highest levels of antibody classes in vaccinated animals compared to animals challenged with various virulent strains of . The majority of studies found that different anti- vaccines induced a significant protective effect in animals challenged with strains. Additionally, mice were given the highest level of vaccine protection and significant clearance of strains when the immunization was delivered the IP (intraperitoneal) or IP-IN (intranasal) routes.
Brucella is responsible for half-million new cases globally annually, and the lack of a proper human vaccine poses the risk of brucellosis. A variety of vaccines are used to prevent brucellosis. Subunit vaccines and recombinant human vaccines have higher safety and protective properties. Although vaccination helps brucellosis control, it does not eradicate the disease. Thus, we recommend the following strategies. (a) establishment of a registration system; (b) close monitoring of slaughterhouses, markets, and herds; (c) training veterinarians; (d) legal protection of the consequences of non-compliance with preventive measures.
尽管有几种动物用减毒活疫苗可供使用，但目前人类布氏杆菌病尚无许可疫苗。现有的已证实的动物疫苗可能有害，且被认为不适用于人类。因此，需要研发人类布氏杆菌病疫苗。我们旨在评估疫苗对小鼠模型的影响，并讨论这些疫苗的潜在机制，以设计合适的人类疫苗。
在科学网、Embase和PubMed/Medline数据库中进行了系统检索。应用了以下医学主题词：布氏杆菌病、疫苗、接种和预防接种。纳入描述小鼠模型上疫苗的原始手稿。排除综述文章、社论、通信、病例报告、病例系列、重复发表的文章以及数据不足的文章。
在筛选的163篇全文中，有17篇文章符合纳入标准。综合这些试验结果显示，与用各种强毒株攻击的动物相比，接种疫苗的动物脾脏中的细菌载量和定植率降低，炎症标志物尤其是干扰素-γ和白细胞介素-4增加，抗体类别水平最高。大多数研究发现，不同的抗疫苗对用菌株攻击的动物具有显著的保护作用。此外，当通过腹腔内（IP）或鼻内（IP-IN）途径进行免疫接种时，小鼠获得了最高水平的疫苗保护和菌株的显著清除。
布鲁氏菌每年在全球导致50万新病例，缺乏合适的人类疫苗构成了布氏杆菌病的风险。多种疫苗用于预防布氏杆菌病。亚单位疫苗和重组人类疫苗具有更高的安全性和保护特性。尽管接种疫苗有助于控制布氏杆菌病，但并不能根除该疾病。因此，我们建议采取以下策略。（a）建立登记制度；（b）密切监测屠宰场、市场和畜群；（c）培训兽医；（d）对不遵守预防措施的后果进行法律保护。
