Tan Yan, Chai Qiang, Li Guang, Hu Falong, Yu Aizhong, Zhao Cai, Fan Zhilong, Yin Wen, Fan Hong
State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou, China.
College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Sep 2;13:988211. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.988211. eCollection 2022.
Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer has threatened the survivability and sustainability of agriculture. Improving N productivity is promising to address the above issue. Therefore, the field experiment, which investigated the effect of no-till and N fertilizer reduction on water use and N productivity of spring wheat ( L.), was conducted at Wuwei experimental station in northwestern China. There were two tillage practices (conventional tillage, CT; and no-till with previous plastic film mulching, NT) and three N fertilizer rates (135 kg N ha, N1; 180 kg N ha, N2; and 225 kg N ha, N3). The results showed that NT lowered soil evaporation (SE) by 22.4% while increasing the ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET) by 13.6%, compared with CT. In addition, NT improved the total N accumulation by 11.5% and enhanced N translocation (NT) quantity, rate, and contribution by a range of 6.2-23.3%. Ultimately, NT increased grain yield (GY), N partial factor productivity, and N harvest index by 13.4, 13.1, and 26.0%, respectively. Overall, N1 increased SE (13.6%) but decreased T/ET (6.1%) compared with N3. While, N2 enhanced NT quantity, rate, and contribution by a range of 6.0-15.2%. With the integration of NT, N2 achieved the same level of GY and N harvest index as N3 and promoted N partial factor productivity by 11.7%. The significant positive correlation of NT relative to T/ET and GY indicated that improving T/ET was essential for achieving higher NT. Therefore, we concluded that no-till coupled with N fertilizer rate at 180 kg N ha was a preferable management option to boost the N productivity of spring wheat in arid areas.
过量施氮已对农业的生存能力和可持续性构成威胁。提高氮素生产力有望解决上述问题。因此，在中国西北的武威试验站开展了田间试验，研究免耕和减氮对春小麦（L.）水分利用和氮素生产力的影响。试验设置了两种耕作方式（传统耕作，CT；以及前茬地膜覆盖免耕，NT）和三个施氮量水平（135千克氮/公顷，N1；180千克氮/公顷，N2；和225千克氮/公顷，N3）。结果表明，与CT相比，NT使土壤蒸发量（SE）降低了22.4%，同时使蒸腾量与蒸散量之比（T/ET）提高了13.6%。此外，NT使总氮积累量提高了11.5%，并使氮素转运（NT）量、速率和贡献率提高了6.2% - 23.3%。最终，NT使籽粒产量（GY）、氮素偏生产力和氮素收获指数分别提高了13.4%、13.1%和26.0%。总体而言，与N3相比，N1使SE增加了13.6%，但使T/ET降低了6.1%。而N2使NT量、速率和贡献率提高了6.0% - 15.2%。通过NT与N2的结合，达到了与N3相同的GY和氮素收获指数水平，并使氮素偏生产力提高了11.7%。NT与T/ET和GY之间显著的正相关表明，提高T/ET对于实现更高的NT至关重要。因此，我们得出结论，免耕结合180千克氮/公顷的施氮量是提高干旱地区春小麦氮素生产力的优选管理措施。
