Khan Shahbaz, Anwar Sumera, Shaobo Yu, Gao Zhiqiang, Sun Min, Ashraf M Yasin, Ren Aixia, Yang Zhenping
College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
PeerJ. 2020 Apr 30;8:e8892. doi: 10.7717/peerj.8892. eCollection 2020.
Sustainability of winter wheat yield under dryland conditions depends on improving soil water stored during fallow and its efficient use. A 3-year field experiment was conducted in Loess Plateau to access the effect of tillage and N (nitrogen) rates on soil water, N distribution and water- and nitrogen-use efficiency of winter wheat. Deep tillage (DT, 25-30 cm depth) and no-tillage (NT) were operated during fallow season, whereas four N rates (0, 90, 150 and 210 kg ha) were applied before sowing. Rates of N and variable rainfall during summer fallow period led to the difference of soil water storage. Soil water storage at anthesis and maturity was decreased with increasing N rate especially in the year with high precipitation (2014-2015). DT has increased the soil water storage at sowing, N content, numbers of spike, grain number, 1,000 grain weight, grain yield, and water and N use efficiency as compared to NT. Grain yield was significantly and positively related to soil water consumption at sowing to anthesis and anthesis to maturity, total plant N, and water-use efficiency. Our study implies that optimum N rate and deep tillage during the fallow season could improve dryland wheat production by balancing the water consumption and biomass production.
旱地条件下冬小麦产量的可持续性取决于提高休闲期土壤蓄水量及其有效利用。在黄土高原进行了一项为期3年的田间试验，以研究耕作方式和施氮量对冬小麦土壤水分、氮素分布以及水分和氮素利用效率的影响。休闲期采用深耕（DT，深度25 - 30厘米）和免耕（NT），播种前设置四个施氮量水平（0、90、150和210千克/公顷）。夏季休闲期的施氮量和降雨变化导致了土壤蓄水量的差异。开花期和成熟期的土壤蓄水量随施氮量增加而减少，尤其是在降水较多的年份（2014 - 2015年）。与免耕相比，深耕增加了播种时的土壤蓄水量、氮含量、穗数、粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量以及水分和氮素利用效率。籽粒产量与播种至开花期、开花至成熟期的土壤水分消耗量、植株总氮量以及水分利用效率显著正相关。我们的研究表明，休闲期最佳施氮量和深耕可通过平衡水分消耗和生物量生产来提高旱地小麦产量。
