Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2023;42(3):262-279. doi: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2124269. Epub 2022 Sep 18.
The cryopreservation of spermatozoa and the embryo production are valuable tools used in a variety of species, including humans, livestock, fish, and aquatic invertebrates. Sperm cryopreservation has been used to maintain or increase the genetic diversity of threatened species. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are molecules derived from oxygen, being formed as byproducts of cellular metabolism. During cryopreservation of sperm and other manipulations of oocytes and embryos, ROS production is dramatically increased. In cells, low, medium, and high levels of ROS lead to different outcomes, apoptosis, auto-phagocytosis, and necrosis, respectively. ROS produced by cells can be neutralized by intracellular antioxidant systems, including enzymes as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants. Free radicals and oxidative stress can be major factors influencing manipulations. In this review, we discuss the role that metallic and nonmetallic nanoparticles and their salts play in the modulation of oxidative stress during embryo production and cryopreservation of sperm.
精子和胚胎的冷冻保存是在包括人类、家畜、鱼类和水生无脊椎动物在内的多种物种中使用的有价值的工具。精子冷冻保存已被用于维持或增加受威胁物种的遗传多样性。活性氧（ROS）是源自氧的分子，是细胞代谢的副产物。在精子冷冻保存和对卵母细胞和胚胎的其他操作过程中，ROS 的产生会显著增加。在细胞中，低、中、高水平的 ROS 分别导致细胞凋亡、自噬和坏死等不同的结果。细胞产生的 ROS 可以被细胞内抗氧化系统（包括酶和非酶抗氧化剂）中和。自由基和氧化应激可能是影响操作的主要因素。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了金属和非金属纳米粒子及其盐在调节胚胎生产和精子冷冻保存过程中的氧化应激方面的作用。
