McEvoy Olivia, Cronin Frances, Brannigan Ross, Stanistreet Debbi, Layte Richard
Department of Sociology, School of Social Sciences and Philosophy, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland.
SSM Popul Health. 2022 Aug 28;19:101216. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101216. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Differentials in physical activity (PA) between social and economic groups has been shown to contribute significantly to social gradients in health and life expectancy, yet relatively little is known about why differentials in PA emerge. This paper uses longitudinal data on a nationally representative sample of 6,216 young people aged between 9 and 18, from Ireland, to measure the role of family, school and neighbourhood level factors in accounting for differentials in PA trajectories between groups of young people, defined by level of maternal education, whilst adjusting for the individual characteristics of the young person (sex, age, personality, body mass index and health-status). Levels of PA fall significantly across the sample between 9 and 18, and the decline in PA is larger for the children of lower educated mothers. We find a clear gradient in PA at each age by maternal education for both males and females. Descriptive analyses found social gradients in the majority of our risk factors. Using multi-level, linear spline regression models to decompose differentials between groups, we find that family-level mechanisms account for the biggest proportion of the differential in PA for both males (50.8%) and females (35.1%). Differences in income across maternal education categories accounted for 24.1% of the differential for males and 14.7% among females, making it the second most effective mechanism in explaining the social patterning of PA. Neighbourhood-level processes resulted in a modest reduction in the same differential, while school level processes had the effect of equalising differences in PA across maternal education groups.
社会经济群体之间的体育活动差异已被证明对健康和预期寿命的社会梯度有显著影响，但对于体育活动差异为何出现，我们所知相对较少。本文使用来自爱尔兰的6216名9至18岁年轻人的全国代表性样本的纵向数据，来衡量家庭、学校和社区层面的因素在解释按母亲教育水平定义的不同年轻人群体之间体育活动轨迹差异方面所起的作用，同时调整年轻人的个人特征（性别、年龄、性格、体重指数和健康状况）。在整个样本中，9至18岁期间体育活动水平显著下降，且母亲受教育程度较低的孩子体育活动下降幅度更大。我们发现，按母亲教育程度划分，男性和女性在每个年龄段的体育活动都存在明显的梯度。描述性分析发现，在我们的大多数风险因素中都存在社会梯度。使用多层次线性样条回归模型来分解群体之间的差异，我们发现家庭层面的机制在男性（50.8%）和女性（35.1%）体育活动差异中占最大比例。不同母亲教育类别之间的收入差异在男性差异中占24.1%，在女性中占14.7%，使其成为解释体育活动社会模式的第二有效机制。社区层面的过程导致同一差异略有减少，而学校层面的过程则有使不同母亲教育群体之间体育活动差异趋于平等的效果。
