Helson R, Moane G
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1987 Jul;53(1):176-86. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.53.1.176.
Personality scores of female college seniors studied in 1958 or 1960, again when they were 27 years old, and again when they were 43 show significant mean changes and high stability coefficients on the California Psychological Inventory, Joffe-Naditch coping scales, Adjective Check List, and other measures. Changes in personality were largely consistent with theories of adult development. In these women, a major factor associated with change appears to be an increase in sex role specialization in their late 20s and a decrease in their later years that is accompanied by increases in confidence, dominance, and coping skills. The normative pattern of change was not confined to women on any one particular life path, but was most pronounced in women who actively engaged in some "social clock project."
对1958年或1960年时的大学四年级女生进行了人格测试，她们27岁时再次接受测试，43岁时又再次接受测试。结果显示，在加利福尼亚心理调查表、乔菲-纳迪奇应对量表、形容词核对表及其他测评中，她们的平均人格得分有显著变化，且稳定性系数较高。人格变化在很大程度上与成人发展理论相符。在这些女性中，与变化相关的一个主要因素似乎是，她们在快30岁时性别角色专业化程度提高，而在后来的岁月里这一程度降低，同时自信、主导性和应对技能有所增强。这种规范性的变化模式并不局限于处于任何一种特定人生轨迹的女性，而是在积极参与某种“社会时钟计划”的女性中最为明显。
