Multiple Mechanisms for Copper Uptake by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b in the Presence of Heterologous Methanobactin.

Methanotrophs require copper for their activity as it plays a critical role in the oxidation of methane to methanol. To sequester copper, some methanotrophs secrete a copper-binding compound termed methanobactin (MB). MB, after binding copper, is reinternalized via a specific outer membrane TonB-dependent transporter (TBDT). Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b has two such TBDTs (MbnT1 and MbnT2) that enable M. trichosporium OB3b to take up not only its own MB (MB-OB3b) but also heterologous MB produced from other methanotrophs, e.g., MB of Methylocystis sp. strain SB2 (MB-SB2). Here, we show that uptake of copper in the presence of heterologous MB-SB2 can either be achieved by initiating transcription of or by using its own MB-OB3b to extract copper from MB-SB2. Transcription of is mediated by the N-terminal signaling domain of MbnT2 together with an extracytoplasmic function sigma factor and an anti-sigma factor encoded by and , respectively. Deletion of or excision of the N-terminal region of MbnT2 abolished induction of . However, copper uptake from MB-SB2 was still observed in M. trichosporium OB3b mutants that were defective in MbnT2 induction/function, suggesting another mechanism for uptake copper-loaded MB-SB2. Additional deletion of MB-OB3b synthesis genes in the M. trichosporium OB3b mutants defective in MbnT2 induction/function disrupted their ability to take up copper in the presence of MB-SB2, indicating a role of MB-OB3b in copper extraction from MB-SB2. Methanotrophs play a critical role in the global carbon cycle, as well as in future strategies for mitigating climate change through their consumption of methane, a trace atmospheric gas much more potent than carbon dioxide in global warming potential. Copper uptake is critical for methanotrophic activity, and here, we show different approaches for copper uptake. This study expands our knowledge and understanding of how methanotrophs collect and compete for copper, and such information may be useful in future manipulation of methanotrophs for a variety of environmental and industrial applications.