Tzschaschel Eva, Brooks Kevin R, Stephen Ian D
School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, 4 First Walk, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
Perception in Action Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
R Soc Open Sci. 2022 Sep 7;9(9):220594. doi: 10.1098/rsos.220594. eCollection 2022 Sep.
First impressions of a person, including social judgements, are often based on appearance. The widely accepted valence-dominance model of face perception (Oosterhof and Todorov 2008 , 11 087-11 092 (doi:10.1073/pnas.0805664105)) posits that social judgements of faces fall along two orthogonal dimensions: trustworthiness (valence) and dominance. The current study aimed to establish the principal components of social judgements based on the perception of bodies, hypothesizing that these would follow the same dimensions as face perception. Stimuli were black and white photographs showing bodies dressed in grey clothing, standing in their natural posture, in left profile. Raters ( = 237) judged the stimuli on the 14 traits used in Oosterhof and Todorov's original study (Oosterhof and Todorov 2008 , 11 087-11 092 (doi:10.1073/pnas.0805664105)). Data were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA), as in the original study, with an additional exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using oblique rotation. While PCA produced a third dimension in line with several replications of the original study, results from the EFA produced two dimensions, representing trustworthiness and dominance, providing support for the hypothesis that social perceptions of bodies can be summarized using the valence-dominance model. These two factors could represent universal perceptions we have about people. Future research could explore social judgements of humans based on other stimuli, such as voices or body odour, to evaluate whether the trustworthiness and dominance dimensions are consistent across modalities.
对一个人的第一印象，包括社会判断，往往基于外表。广泛接受的面部感知效价-主导模型（奥斯特霍夫和托多罗夫，2008年，第11087 - 11092页，doi:10.1073/pnas.0805664105）假定，对面部的社会判断沿着两个正交维度进行：可信度（效价）和主导性。本研究旨在基于对身体的感知确定社会判断的主要成分，假设这些成分将遵循与面部感知相同的维度。刺激物是黑白照片，照片中的人物身着灰色服装，以自然姿势站立，呈左侧面。评分者（n = 237）根据奥斯特霍夫和托多罗夫原始研究（奥斯特霍夫和托多罗夫，2008年，第11087 - 11092页，doi:10.1073/pnas.0805664105）中使用的14个特征对刺激物进行判断。与原始研究一样，使用主成分分析（PCA）对数据进行分析，并使用斜交旋转进行额外的探索性因素分析（EFA）。虽然主成分分析产生了与原始研究的几次重复一致的第三个维度，但探索性因素分析的结果产生了两个维度，分别代表可信度和主导性，为社会对身体的感知可以用效价-主导模型进行概括这一假设提供了支持。这两个因素可能代表了我们对他人的普遍认知。未来的研究可以探索基于其他刺激物（如声音或体味）对人类的社会判断，以评估可信度和主导性维度在不同模态下是否一致。
