Porter J M, Swain I D
J Biomed Eng. 1987 Jul;9(3):222-31. doi: 10.1016/0141-5425(87)90006-9.
There are many potential applications for cardiac output measurement in clinical and experimental medicine. The most commonly used techniques are invasive procedures, requiring cardiac or arterial catheterization, a disadvantage that has restricted their wider application. Impedance plethysmography has been developed as a non-invasive, beat-by-beat method of cardiac output measurement, which provides an estimate of stroke volume from changes in the electrical impedance of the thorax during cardiac systole. The values for cardiac output obtained by this technique have been extensively compared with values obtained by other methods, both in experimental animals and in the human subject. In the majority of studies high correlation coefficients have been obtained, although impedance plethysmography has tended to give higher absolute values than most other methods. Values for cardiac output obtained by impedance plethysmography are best assessed by comparison with a series of normal values obtained by this technique, rather than with values obtained by other methods. We discuss the results of an investigation of normal cardiac output by impedance plethysmography; theoretical objections to impedance cardiography are considered, and various methods of determining the specific resistivity of blood are reviewed.
心输出量测量在临床医学和实验医学中有许多潜在应用。最常用的技术是侵入性操作，需要进行心脏或动脉插管，这一缺点限制了它们的更广泛应用。阻抗体积描记法已发展成为一种非侵入性的逐搏心输出量测量方法，它根据心脏收缩期胸部电阻抗的变化来估算每搏输出量。通过该技术获得的心输出量值已在实验动物和人类受试者中与通过其他方法获得的值进行了广泛比较。在大多数研究中，都获得了较高的相关系数，尽管阻抗体积描记法往往比大多数其他方法给出的绝对值更高。通过阻抗体积描记法获得的心输出量值最好通过与通过该技术获得的一系列正常值进行比较来评估，而不是与通过其他方法获得的值进行比较。我们讨论了通过阻抗体积描记法对正常心输出量进行研究的结果；考虑了对阻抗心动描记法的理论异议，并综述了测定血液比电阻率的各种方法。
