Vörös Viktor, Page Ann-Sophie, Deprest Jan, Kimpe Tom, Poorten Emmanuel Vander
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
Healthcare Division, Barco NV, Beneluxpark 21, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium.
Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2023 Mar;18(3):527-535. doi: 10.1007/s11548-022-02753-6. Epub 2022 Sep 22.
Autostereoscopic 3D visualization (ASV) forms a potentially appealing alternative to stereoscopic 3D displays to help surgeons regain depth perception during minimally invasive surgery (MIS). However, the feasibility of using single-viewer ASV has not yet been demonstrated in a clinical context. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current surgical workflow and display usage and assess the potential for using ASV in MIS applications. Additionally, the study seeks to acquire a better understanding of key design requirements, such as the eye-tracking performance and the lenticular lens 3D workspace.
Two types of gynecologic interventions were investigated. A vision-based tracking system was developed, consisting of depth cameras mounted on the displays and ArUco markers placed on the hair caps of clinicians and the wall of the operating room. This allowed simultaneous tracking of the pose of operating staff and displays.
Overall 20 surgeries were recorded, where 4 clinicians operated using 3 displays. Users were typically standing at a mean distance of 1900 mm in a range from to 1200 to 2300 mm from the display. Left-right motion was from - 600 to 658 mm. Clinicians stood on average 1000 mm from each other. The head roll angle was below 16[Formula: see text].
Surgeons were looking predominantly (99%) to the same display. Observations took place from fairly well-defined places and with sufficient potential to differentiate between clinicians, suggesting that single-viewer ASV would be feasible.
自动立体三维可视化（ASV）形成了一种可能有吸引力的替代立体三维显示器的方式，以帮助外科医生在微创手术（MIS）过程中恢复深度感知。然而，在临床环境中使用单观众ASV的可行性尚未得到证实。本研究的目的是分析当前的手术工作流程和显示器使用情况，并评估在MIS应用中使用ASV的潜力。此外，该研究旨在更好地理解关键设计要求，如眼动追踪性能和柱面透镜三维工作空间。
研究了两种类型的妇科干预措施。开发了一种基于视觉的追踪系统，该系统由安装在显示器上的深度相机以及放置在临床医生发帽和手术室墙壁上的阿鲁科（ArUco）标记组成。这使得能够同时追踪手术人员和显示器的姿态。
总共记录了20台手术，其中4名临床医生使用3台显示器进行操作。用户通常站在距离显示器平均1900毫米的位置，距离范围为1200至2300毫米。左右移动范围为 - 600至658毫米。临床医生彼此之间平均相距1000毫米。头部滚动角度低于16[公式：见正文]。
外科医生主要（99%）看向同一台显示器。观察在相当明确的位置进行，并且有足够的潜力区分临床医生，这表明单观众ASV是可行的。
