Yuan Shiwei, Gu Qian, Lei Yuanyuan, Shen Jinbo, Niu Qian
Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi 214000, China.
School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
Children (Basel). 2022 Aug 25;9(9):1283. doi: 10.3390/children9091283.
Background: With the development of educational philosophy, physical exercise is considered to be an important factor in the development of individual cognitive abilities in adolescents. However, the effects of physical exercise on non-cognitive abilities in adolescents remain inadequate. Objective: This study examined the effect of physical exercise on non-cognitive ability and further examined the differences in this effect in different groups. Methods: Survey data on non-cognitive ability, physical exercise and covariates were collected in the China Education Panel Survey (2014−2015) from a nationally representative sample of adolescents (n = 7904) in the eighth (follow-up) grade. Results: The results show that, after controlling for the influence of other factors, physical exercise has a promoting effect on six non-cognitive abilities—social behavior (p < 0.001), communication ability (p < 0.01), perseverance (p < 0.05), school adaptation (p < 0.001), educational expectation (p < 0.01) and creative thinking (p < 0.01)—and there is no significant effect on emotional control (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the development of non-cognitive ability in physical exercise shows certain group differences. Conclusions: There are gender differences in the performance of non-cognitive ability. Girls perform better than boys in non-cognitive ability. Physical exercise is an important means to develop non-cognitive ability, which indicates that non-cognitive ability has plasticity in adolescence. Future intervention may improve the non-cognitive ability of Chinese adolescents by increasing physical exercise.
随着教育理念的发展，体育锻炼被认为是青少年个体认知能力发展的一个重要因素。然而，体育锻炼对青少年非认知能力的影响仍不充分。目的：本研究考察体育锻炼对非认知能力的影响，并进一步考察不同群体在这一影响上的差异。方法：在中国教育追踪调查（2014 - 2015）中，从全国代表性的八年级（随访）青少年样本（n = 7904）中收集了关于非认知能力、体育锻炼及协变量的调查数据。结果：结果表明，在控制其他因素的影响后，体育锻炼对六种非认知能力有促进作用——社会行为（p < 0.001）、沟通能力（p < 0.01）、毅力（p < 0.05）、学校适应（p < 0.001）、教育期望（p < 0.01）和创造性思维（p < 0.01）——而对情绪控制没有显著影响（p > 0.05）。此外，体育锻炼中非认知能力的发展存在一定的群体差异。结论：非认知能力的表现存在性别差异。女孩在非认知能力方面表现优于男孩。体育锻炼是发展非认知能力的重要手段，这表明非认知能力在青少年期具有可塑性。未来的干预可能通过增加体育锻炼来提高中国青少年的非认知能力。
