Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Tartu Healthcare College, Tartu, Estonia.
J Sports Sci. 2021 Sep;39(17):1988-1995. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1912451. Epub 2021 Apr 7.
This study investigated longitudinal relationships between physical activity (PA), fitness and cognitive performance at early years. In total, 147 children at the age of 6.6 and 7.6 years participated in the study. PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) were registered with accelerometer. Skinfold thickness measurements were used to assess body composition. Children's cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular strength and speed-agility fitness was assessed using PREFIT fitness test battery and static balance by EUROFIT test battery. Cognitive skills were measured with modified Boehm-3 test. Linear regression analyses showed that PA at the age of 6.6 years was positively, while SB was negatively associated with the conceptual skills at the age of 7.6 years after adjusting for confounders. Positive associations were observed between CRF, lower-limbs strength relative to fat-free mass, static balance at the age of 6.6 years with perceptual skills at 7.6 years in unadjusted analysis. PA and fitness were not associated with verbal abilities. Physically active lifestyle and CRF, relative explosive strength of the lower limbs, balance at 6.6 years in kindergarten predict conceptual and perceptual skills, but does not predict verbal abilities 1 year later at first grade in school. SB affects negatively conceptual skills.
本研究调查了儿童早期身体活动（PA）、体能与认知表现之间的纵向关系。共有 147 名 6.6 岁和 7.6 岁的儿童参与了这项研究。使用加速度计记录 PA 和久坐行为（SB），通过皮褶厚度测量评估身体成分。使用 PREFIT 体能测试套件评估儿童的心肺功能、肌肉力量和速度敏捷度，使用 EUROFIT 测试套件评估静态平衡。认知技能通过改良的 Boehm-3 测试进行测量。线性回归分析表明，在调整混杂因素后，6.6 岁时的 PA 与 7.6 岁时的概念技能呈正相关，而 SB 与 7.6 岁时的概念技能呈负相关。在未调整的分析中，6.6 岁时的 CRF、相对瘦体重的下肢力量、静态平衡与 7.6 岁时的感知技能呈正相关。PA 和体能与言语能力无关。在幼儿园 6.6 岁时的积极生活方式和 CRF、下肢的相对爆发力、平衡能力可以预测 1 年后一年级时的概念和感知技能，但不能预测言语能力。SB 对概念技能有负面影响。
