Gilman Carley A, Wusthoff Courtney J, Guerriero Réjean M
Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Children (Basel). 2022 Sep 8;9(9):1368. doi: 10.3390/children9091368.
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a neurologic monitoring modality that allows for the identification of seizures and the understanding of cerebral function. Not only can EEG data provide real-time information about a patient's clinical status, but providers are increasingly using these results to understand short and long-term prognosis in critical illnesses. Adult studies have explored these associations for many years, and now the focus has turned to applying these concepts to the pediatric literature. The aim of this review is to characterize how EEG can be utilized clinically in pediatric intensive care settings and to highlight the current data available to understand EEG features in association with functional outcomes in children after critical illness. In the evaluation of seizures and seizure burden in children, there is abundant data to suggest that the presence of status epilepticus during illness is associated with poorer outcomes and a higher risk of mortality. There is also emerging evidence indicating that poorly organized EEG backgrounds, lack of normal sleep features and lack of electrographic reactivity to clinical exams portend worse outcomes in this population. Prognostication in pediatric critical illness must be informed by the comprehensive evaluation of a patient's clinical status but the utilization of EEG may help contribute to this assessment in a meaningful way.
脑电图（EEG）是一种神经监测方式，可用于识别癫痫发作并了解脑功能。EEG数据不仅能提供有关患者临床状态的实时信息，而且医疗人员越来越多地利用这些结果来了解危重病的短期和长期预后。成人研究已经对这些关联进行了多年探索，现在重点已转向将这些概念应用于儿科文献。本综述的目的是描述EEG在儿科重症监护环境中如何进行临床应用，并强调目前可用于了解危重病后儿童EEG特征与功能转归相关的现有数据。在评估儿童癫痫发作和癫痫发作负荷时，有大量数据表明，疾病期间癫痫持续状态的存在与较差的转归及更高的死亡风险相关。也有新证据表明，EEG背景紊乱、缺乏正常睡眠特征以及对临床检查缺乏脑电图反应预示着该人群的转归较差。儿科危重病的预后评估必须基于对患者临床状态的全面评估，但EEG的应用可能有助于以有意义的方式为此评估提供参考。
