Institute of Applied Sciences, HUTECH University, 475A Dien Bien Phu St., Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City 72308, Vietnam.
Cellular Heterogeneity Research Center, Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 18;23(18):10906. doi: 10.3390/ijms231810906.
Cancer immunotherapy has fundamentally altered cancer treatment; however, its efficacy is limited to a subset of patients in most clinical settings. The immune system plays a key role in cancer progression from tumor initiation to the metastatic state. Throughout the treatment course, communications between the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and the immune macroenvironment, as well as interactions between the immune system and cancer cells, are dynamic and constantly evolving. To improve the clinical benefit for patients who do not respond completely to immunotherapy, the molecular mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy must be elucidated in order to develop effective strategies to overcome resistance. In an attempt to improve and update the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that hinder immunotherapy, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of cancer resistance to immunotherapy and the available treatment strategies.
癌症免疫疗法从根本上改变了癌症的治疗方法；然而，在大多数临床环境下，其疗效仅限于一部分患者。免疫系统在肿瘤发生到转移状态的整个过程中都起着关键作用。在整个治疗过程中，肿瘤微环境和免疫巨环境中的免疫细胞之间的通讯以及免疫系统和癌细胞之间的相互作用是动态的，并且在不断演变。为了提高对免疫治疗不完全反应的患者的临床获益，必须阐明免疫治疗耐药的分子机制，以便制定有效的克服耐药策略。为了改进和更新目前对阻碍免疫治疗的分子机制的理解，我们讨论了癌症对免疫治疗的耐药性的分子机制和可用的治疗策略。
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