Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China.
Nutrients. 2022 Sep 9;14(18):3727. doi: 10.3390/nu14183727.
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are produced by gut microbiota from dietary fiber, have become candidates for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treatment. However, the associations of circulating SCFAs with maternal-neonatal clinical parameters in GDM and further influences on placental immune-metabolic responses are unclear. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate were decreased in GDM during the second and third trimesters, especially in those with abnormal glucose tolerance at three "oral glucose tolerance test" time points. Butyrate was closely associated with acetate and propionate in correlation and dynamic trajectory analysis. Moreover, butyrate was negatively correlated with white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts, prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain per week before GDM diagnosis, and ponderal index but positively correlated with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in all pregnancies. On the premise of reduced SCFA contents in GDM, the placental G-protein-coupled receptors 41 and 43 (GPR41/43) were decreased, and histone deacetylases (HDACs) were increased, accompanied by enhanced inflammatory responses. The metabolic status was disturbed, as evidenced by activated glycolysis in GDM. Maternal circulating acetate, propionate, and butyrate levels were associated with demographic factors in normal and GDM women. They influenced placental function and fetal development at birth through GPRs or HDACs, providing more evidence of their therapeutic capacity for GDM pregnancies.
短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）是肠道微生物群从膳食纤维中产生的，已成为妊娠糖尿病（GDM）治疗的候选物。然而，循环 SCFAs 与 GDM 中母婴临床参数的相关性以及对胎盘免疫代谢反应的进一步影响尚不清楚。在第二和第三个三个月，GDM 中的乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐减少，尤其是在三个“口服葡萄糖耐量试验”时间点葡萄糖耐量异常的患者中。在相关和动态轨迹分析中，丁酸盐与乙酸盐和丙酸盐密切相关。此外，丁酸盐与白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、孕前 BMI、GDM 诊断前每周体重增加、体脂指数呈负相关，但与所有妊娠中的总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白水平呈正相关。在 GDM 中 SCFA 含量减少的前提下，胎盘 G 蛋白偶联受体 41 和 43（GPR41/43）减少，组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDACs）增加，伴随着炎症反应增强。代谢状态被打乱，因为 GDM 中糖酵解被激活。母体循环中的乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐水平与正常和 GDM 妇女的人口统计学因素有关。它们通过 GPR 或 HDAC 影响胎盘功能和出生时胎儿发育，为其治疗 GDM 妊娠的能力提供了更多证据。
