Kidney Center, Hospital of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8556, Fukuoka, Japan.
Blood Purification Unit, Hamamatsu University Hospital, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3125, Shizuoka, Japan.
Nutrients. 2022 Sep 14;14(18):3787. doi: 10.3390/nu14183787.
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increased by 88% from 1990 to 2016. Age of onset of lifestyle-related diseases (such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia), which are risk factors for incident CKD, is lower now compared with the past. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors for the incidence and progression of CKD in the young and middle-aged population. There are differences in the risk for CKD among the young, middle-aged, and elderly populations. We aimed to assess obesity (which is basic component of metabolic syndrome), waist circumference, and abdominal adiposity, which are predictive factors of CKD in the younger population. Furthermore, we described the management and clinical evidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia for young and middle-aged patients, along with diet management and nutrients associated with kidney function. Kidney function in the young and middle-aged population is mostly normal, and they are considered a low-risk group for incident CKD. Thus, we expect this review to be useful in reducing the prevalence of CKD.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）的患病率在 1990 年至 2016 年期间增加了 88%。与过去相比，现在与生活方式相关的疾病（如高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、血脂异常和高尿酸血症）的发病年龄更低，而这些疾病是 CKD 的发病风险因素。因此，我们旨在评估年轻人和中年人 CKD 发病和进展的风险因素。年轻人、中年人、老年人之间 CKD 的风险因素存在差异。我们旨在评估肥胖（代谢综合征的基本组成部分）、腰围和腹部肥胖，这些是年轻人群中 CKD 的预测因素。此外，我们还描述了年轻人和中年人高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和高尿酸血症的管理和临床证据，以及与肾功能相关的饮食管理和营养素。年轻人和中年人肾功能大多正常，他们被认为是 CKD 发病的低风险人群。因此，我们希望本综述有助于降低 CKD 的患病率。
