Sarfraz Muhammad, Qamar Shaista, Rehman Masood Ur, Tahir Muhammad Azam, Ijaz Muhammad, Ahsan Anam, Asim Mulazim Hussain, Nazir Imran
College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University, Al-Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates.
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 Sep 8;14(9):1909. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091909.
Intravesical drug delivery is a direct drug delivery approach for the treatment of various bladder diseases. The human urinary bladder has distinctive anatomy, making it an effective barrier against any toxic agent seeking entry into the bloodstream. This screening function of the bladder derives from the structure of the urothelium, which acts as a semi-permeable barrier. However, various diseases related to the urinary bladder, such as hyperactive bladder syndrome, interstitial cystitis, cancer, urinary obstructions, or urinary tract infections, can alter the bladder's natural function. Consequently, the intravesical route of drug delivery can effectively treat such diseases as it offers site-specific drug action with minimum side effects. Intravesical drug delivery is the direct instillation of medicinal drugs into the urinary bladder via a urethral catheter. However, there are some limitations to this method of drug delivery, including the risk of washout of the therapeutic agents with frequent urination. Moreover, due to the limited permeability of the urinary bladder walls, the therapeutic agents are diluted before the process of permeation, and consequently, their efficiency is compromised. Therefore, various types of nanomaterial-based delivery systems are being employed in intravesical drug delivery to enhance the drug penetration and retention at the targeted site. This review article covers the various nanomaterials used for intravesical drug delivery and future aspects of these nanomaterials for intravesical drug delivery.
膀胱内给药是一种用于治疗各种膀胱疾病的直接给药方法。人类膀胱具有独特的解剖结构，使其成为防止任何有毒物质进入血液的有效屏障。膀胱的这种筛选功能源于尿路上皮的结构，尿路上皮起到半透性屏障的作用。然而，与膀胱相关的各种疾病，如膀胱过度活动症、间质性膀胱炎、癌症、尿路梗阻或尿路感染，会改变膀胱的自然功能。因此，膀胱内给药途径可以有效治疗此类疾病，因为它能提供部位特异性的药物作用且副作用最小。膀胱内给药是通过尿道导管将药物直接注入膀胱。然而，这种给药方法存在一些局限性，包括频繁排尿导致治疗药物被冲走的风险。此外，由于膀胱壁的渗透性有限，治疗药物在渗透过程之前就被稀释，因此其效果受到影响。因此，各种基于纳米材料的给药系统正被用于膀胱内给药，以增强药物在靶部位的渗透和滞留。这篇综述文章涵盖了用于膀胱内给药的各种纳米材料以及这些纳米材料在膀胱内给药方面的未来发展。
