Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L'va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Viruses. 2022 Aug 28;14(9):1906. doi: 10.3390/v14091906.
The adaptive antiviral immune response requires interaction between CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and Th1 cells for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the data regarding the role of CD8+ T cells in the acute phase of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 syndrome are still limited.
. Peripheral blood samples collected from patients with acute COVID-19 ( 71), convalescent subjects bearing serum SARS-CoV-2 N-protein-specific IgG antibodies ( 51), and healthy volunteers with no detectable antibodies to any SARS-CoV-2 proteins (HC, 46) were analyzed using 10-color flow cytometry.
Patients with acute COVID-19 vs. HC and COVID-19 convalescents showed decreased absolute numbers of CD8+ T cells, whereas the frequency of CM and TEMRA CD8+ T cells in acute COVID-19 vs. HC was elevated. COVID-19 convalescents vs. HC had increased naïve and CM cells, whereas TEMRA cells were decreased compared to HC. Cell-surface CD57 was highly expressed by the majority of CD8+ T cells subsets during acute COVID-19, but convalescents had increased CD57 on 'naïve', CM, EM4, and pE1 2-3 months post-symptom onset. CXCR5 expression was altered in acute and convalescent COVID-19 subjects, whereas the frequencies of CXCR3+ and CCR4+ cells were decreased in both patient groups vs. HC. COVID-19 convalescents had increased CCR6-expressing CD8+ T cells. Moreover, CXCR3+CCR6- Tc1 cells were decreased in patients with acute COVID-19 and COVID-19 convalescents, whereas Tc2 and Tc17 levels were increased compared to HC. Finally, IL-27 negatively correlated with the CCR6+ cells in acute COVID-19 patients.
We described an abnormal CD8+ T cell profile in COVID-19 convalescents, which resulted in lower frequencies of effector subsets (TEMRA and Tc1), higher senescent state (upregulated CD57 on 'naïve' and memory cells), and higher frequencies of CD8+ T cell subsets expressing lung tissue and mucosal tissue homing molecules (Tc2, Tc17, and Tc17.1). Thus, our data indicate that COVID-19 can impact the long-term CD8+ T cell immune response.
适应性抗病毒免疫反应需要 CD8+T 细胞、树突状细胞和 Th1 细胞之间的相互作用来控制 SARS-CoV-2 感染，但关于 CD8+T 细胞在 COVID-19 急性期和 COVID-19 后综合征中的作用的数据仍然有限。
使用 10 色流式细胞术分析了来自急性 COVID-19 患者（71 例）、具有 SARS-CoV-2 N 蛋白特异性 IgG 抗体的恢复期受试者（51 例）和无任何 SARS-CoV-2 蛋白抗体的健康志愿者（HC，46 例）的外周血样本。
与 HC 和 COVID-19 恢复期患者相比，急性 COVID-19 患者的 CD8+T 细胞绝对数量减少，而 CM 和 TEMRA CD8+T 细胞在急性 COVID-19 患者中的频率高于 HC。与 HC 相比，COVID-19 恢复期患者的幼稚和 CM 细胞增加，而 TEMRA 细胞减少。在急性 COVID-19 期间，大多数 CD8+T 细胞亚群的细胞表面 CD57 高度表达，但恢复期患者在症状出现后 2-3 个月时 CD57 在'幼稚'、CM、EM4 和 pE1 上表达增加。急性和恢复期 COVID-19 患者的 CXCR5 表达发生改变，而两组患者的 CXCR3+和 CCR4+细胞频率均低于 HC。COVID-19 恢复期患者的 CCR6 表达 CD8+T 细胞增加。此外，急性 COVID-19 患者和 COVID-19 恢复期患者的 CXCR3+CCR6-Tc1 细胞减少，而 Tc2 和 Tc17 水平与 HC 相比升高。最后，IL-27 与急性 COVID-19 患者的 CCR6+细胞呈负相关。
我们描述了 COVID-19 恢复期患者异常的 CD8+T 细胞表型，导致效应细胞亚群（TEMRA 和 Tc1）频率降低，衰老状态升高（幼稚和记忆细胞上上调的 CD57），以及表达肺组织和黏膜组织归巢分子的 CD8+T 细胞亚群频率升高（Tc2、Tc17 和 Tc17.1）。因此，我们的数据表明 COVID-19 会影响长期的 CD8+T 细胞免疫反应。
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