Salehi-Sahlabadi Ammar, Teymoori Farshad, Ahmadirad Hamid, Mokhtari Ebrahim, Azadi Mina, Seraj Shaikh Sanjid, Hekmatdoost Azita
Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Front Nutr. 2022 Sep 6;9:977403. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.977403. eCollection 2022.
The current literature boasts the importance of diet in preventing or managing liver complications. However, there is limited evidence on the association of nutrient patterns (NP) with these complications. In this case-control study, we aimed to examine the possible relationship between nutrient patterns and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) amongst the adult Iranian population.
This case-control study is being conducted at the Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The study included 225 newly diagnosed cases of NAFLD and 450 controls. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) assessed dietary intake. Principal component analysis using Varimax rotation obtained nutrient patterns. Logistic regression was performed to estimate NAFLD risk.
We identified four major nutrient patterns. The first nutrient pattern was high in consumption of lactose, animal protein, vitamin D, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B12, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and potassium. The second nutrient pattern included fiber, plant protein, vitamin A, thiamine, niacin, copper, and selenium, while the third featured plant protein, zinc, copper, magnesium, manganese, chromium, and selenium. The fourth was characterized by fructose, vitamin A, pyridoxine, vitamin C, and potassium. After adjusting for confounders, individuals in the highest tertile of NP4 had lower odds of NAFLD (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32-0.98, _trend = 0.042); compared to those who were in the lowest tertile.
High compliance to a nutrient pattern characterized by fructose, vitamin C, vitamin A, pyridoxine, and potassium mainly supplied from fruits, vegetables, and nuts is inversely proportional to the odds of NAFLD. Also our findings indicate a very high fiber intake, a relatively optimal dietary fat profile, and a pretty low sugar intake for cases and controls, unseen in western countries. However, these initial findings need to be approved with further studies to confirm the relationship between nutrient patterns and NAFLD.
当前文献强调了饮食在预防或管理肝脏并发症方面的重要性。然而，关于营养模式（NP）与这些并发症之间关联的证据有限。在这项病例对照研究中，我们旨在探讨伊朗成年人群中营养模式与非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）风险之间的可能关系。
这项病例对照研究于2019年在伊斯法罕医科大学代谢性肝病研究中心进行。该研究纳入了225例新诊断的NAFLD病例和450名对照。使用经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估饮食摄入量。通过主成分分析和方差最大化旋转获得营养模式。进行逻辑回归以估计NAFLD风险。
我们确定了四种主要营养模式。第一种营养模式的特点是乳糖、动物蛋白、维生素D、核黄素、泛酸、维生素B12、钙、磷、锌和钾的摄入量较高。第二种营养模式包括纤维、植物蛋白、维生素A、硫胺素、烟酸、铜和硒，而第三种营养模式的特点是植物蛋白、锌、铜、镁、锰、铬和硒。第四种营养模式的特征是果糖、维生素A、吡哆醇、维生素C和钾。在调整混杂因素后，NP4最高三分位数的个体患NAFLD的几率较低（OR：0.56，95%CI：0.32 - 0.98，_trend = 0.042）；与最低三分位数的个体相比。
高度遵循以果糖、维生素C、维生素A、吡哆醇和钾为特征的营养模式，这些营养主要来自水果、蔬菜和坚果，与NAFLD的几率成反比。此外，我们的研究结果表明，病例组和对照组的纤维摄入量非常高，饮食脂肪分布相对最佳，糖摄入量相当低，这在西方国家未见。然而，这些初步发现需要进一步研究加以证实，以确认营养模式与NAFLD之间的关系。
