Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
Front Immunol. 2022 Sep 5;13:961601. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.961601. eCollection 2022.
During acute infectious and inflammatory conditions, a large number of neutrophils are in high demand as they are consumed in peripheral organs. The hematopoietic system rapidly responds to the demand by turning from steady state to emergency granulopoiesis to expedite neutrophil generation in the bone marrow (BM). How the hematopoietic system integrates pathogenic and inflammatory stress signals into the molecular cues of emergency granulopoiesis has been the subject of investigations. Recent studies in the field have highlighted emerging concepts, including the direct sensing of pathogens by BM resident or sentinel hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), the crosstalk of HSPCs, endothelial cells, and stromal cells to convert signals to granulopoiesis, and the identification of novel inflammatory molecules, such as C/EBP-β, ROS, IL-27, IFN-γ, CXCL1 with direct effects on HSPCs. In this review, we will provide a detailed account of emerging concepts while reassessing well-established cellular and molecular players of emergency granulopoiesis. While providing our views on the discrepant results and theories, we will postulate an updated model of granulopoiesis in the context of health and disease.
在急性感染和炎症情况下，大量中性粒细胞在外周器官中被消耗，因此对其需求很高。造血系统通过从稳态向紧急粒状生成转变来快速响应需求，以加速骨髓（BM）中的中性粒细胞生成。造血系统如何将致病和炎症应激信号整合到紧急粒状生成的分子线索中一直是研究的主题。该领域的最近研究强调了一些新出现的概念，包括 BM 驻留或哨兵造血干细胞和祖细胞（HSPC）直接感知病原体、HSPC 与内皮细胞和基质细胞之间的串扰以将信号转换为粒状生成，以及鉴定新的炎症分子，如 C/EBP-β、ROS、IL-27、IFN-γ、CXCL1，它们对 HSPCs 具有直接影响。在这篇综述中，我们将详细说明新出现的概念，同时重新评估紧急粒状生成的成熟细胞和分子参与者。在提供对有分歧的结果和理论的看法的同时，我们将在健康和疾病的背景下假设一个更新的粒状生成模型。
