Scard Camille, Aubert Hélène, Wargny Matthieu, Martin Ludovic, Barbarot Sebastien
Department of Dermatology, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
CHU de Nantes, INSERM, CIC 1413, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 11: Santé Publique, Clinique des Données, Nantes, France.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023 Jan;37(1):32-39. doi: 10.1111/jdv.18581. Epub 2022 Oct 5.
Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are commonly encountered benign skin lesions in newborns. Larger CMN is associated with a higher lifetime risk of developing melanoma. However, the level of risk is unclear when CMN are small or medium-sized. Our objective was to assess melanoma risk in patients with CMN of all size categories. A literature review with meta-analysis was performed. Prevalence and incidence densities of melanoma at onset were calculated in the entire study population and according to CMN size, type of treatment and location of the CMN. A total of 91 melanomas were reported in 7915 patients (1.15%, 95% CI, 0.93-1.41). The overall incidence density was 0.057% person-years (95% CI 0.044-0.071). The risk ratio of melanoma incidence densities was 21.9 (95% CI, 8.55-56.3) in large to giant CMN compared with small to medium CMN at 15 years of age. The incidence density was higher in CMN located on the trunk and as well as in those which were untreated or partially treated versus complete excision. Our review suggests patients with CMN of medium, large and giant size are at risk of melanoma, whereas the risk remains unknown for small CMN.
先天性黑素细胞痣（CMN）是新生儿中常见的良性皮肤病变。较大的CMN发生黑色素瘤的终生风险较高。然而，当CMN为小或中等大小时，风险水平尚不清楚。我们的目的是评估所有大小类别的CMN患者发生黑色素瘤的风险。进行了一项荟萃分析的文献综述。计算了整个研究人群以及根据CMN大小、治疗类型和CMN位置的黑色素瘤发病时的患病率和发病率密度。7915例患者中共报告91例黑色素瘤（1.15%，95%CI，0.93-1.41）。总体发病率密度为0.057%人年（95%CI 0.044-0.071）。15岁时，大至巨大CMN与小至中等CMN相比，黑色素瘤发病率密度的风险比为21.9（95%CI，8.55-56.3）。位于躯干的CMN以及未治疗或部分治疗而非完全切除的CMN的发病率密度更高。我们的综述表明，中等、大及巨大大小的CMN患者有发生黑色素瘤的风险，而小CMN的风险仍未知。
