Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
Prev Med. 2022 Nov;164:107267. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107267. Epub 2022 Sep 20.
Hispanic/Latino populations may experience significant neighborhood disadvantage, but limited research has explored whether these factors affect their health behaviors. Associations between perceived neighborhood factors at Visit 1 and health behaviors and related outcomes at Visit 2 in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos were evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression assessed cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between perceived neighborhood social cohesion (NSC, 5 items), and neighborhood problems (NP, 7 items), with cancer screening, current smoking, excessive/binge drinking, hypertension, obesity, physical activity, and poor diet by gender and birthplace. NSC and NP scores were converted into quartiles. Mean age of participants was 42.5 years and 62.1% were women. Perceived NP, but not perceived NSC, differed by gender (p < 0.001). In unstratified models, no significant associations were observed between perceived NSC and any health behavior, whereas greater perceived NP was associated with less adherence to colon cancer screening (moderate level: aOR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.51, 090) and more physical activity (very high level: aOR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.69) compared to low perceived NP. Women with moderate perceived NP, versus low NP, had a lower odds of colon cancer screening at Visit 1 (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.43, 0.91) and higher odds of mammogram adherence at Visit 2 (aOR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.44, 5.68). Men with high perceived NP had a higher odds of excessive or binge drinking at Visit 2 (aOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.19, 3.31). We conclude that perceived NP were significantly related to health behaviors among HCHS/SOL individuals. Perceptions of neighborhood environment may be considered modifiable factors of structural neighborhood environment interventions.
西班牙裔/拉丁裔人群可能面临显著的邻里劣势，但目前的研究很少探讨这些因素是否会影响他们的健康行为。本研究评估了西班牙裔社区健康研究/拉丁裔研究中，参与者在第 1 次就诊时感知的邻里因素与第 2 次就诊时健康行为及相关结局之间的关系。多变量逻辑回归评估了感知邻里社会凝聚力（NSC，5 项）和邻里问题（NP，7 项）与癌症筛查、当前吸烟、过量饮酒/狂饮、高血压、肥胖、身体活动和不良饮食之间的横断面和纵向关系，分析结果按照性别和出生地进行分层。将 NSC 和 NP 评分转换为四分位数。参与者的平均年龄为 42.5 岁，62.1%为女性。感知 NP 但不是感知 NSC 存在性别差异（p<0.001）。在未分层模型中，感知 NSC 与任何健康行为之间均无显著关联，而感知 NP 较高与结肠癌筛查依从性较低（中水平：aOR=0.68，95%CI=0.51，090）和身体活动较多（高水平：aOR=1.34，95%CI=1.06，1.69）相关，而与感知 NP 较低相比。与感知 NP 较低的女性相比，感知 NP 中度的女性在第 1 次就诊时结肠癌筛查的可能性较低（aOR=0.62，95%CI=0.43，0.91），而在第 2 次就诊时乳房 X 光检查的可能性较高（aOR=2.86，95%CI=1.44，5.68）。感知 NP 较高的男性在第 2 次就诊时过度或狂饮的可能性更高（aOR=1.99，95%CI=1.19，3.31）。本研究结论认为，感知 NP 与 HCHS/SOL 个体的健康行为显著相关。对邻里环境的感知可能是邻里环境结构干预的可改变因素。
