Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA.
Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
Phys Rev Lett. 2022 Sep 9;129(11):118101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.118101.
We show that the evidence for a local arrow of time, which is equivalent to the entropy production in thermodynamic systems, can be decomposed. In a system with many degrees of freedom, there is a term that arises from the irreversible dynamics of the individual variables, and then a series of non-negative terms contributed by correlations among pairs, triplets, and higher-order combinations of variables. We illustrate this decomposition on simple models of noisy logical computations, and then apply it to the analysis of patterns of neural activity in the retina as it responds to complex dynamic visual scenes. We find that neural activity breaks detailed balance even when the visual inputs do not, and that this irreversibility arises primarily from interactions between pairs of neurons.
我们证明了局部时间箭头的证据，这相当于热力学系统中的熵产生，可以进行分解。在具有多个自由度的系统中，有一个术语是由单个变量的不可逆动力学引起的，然后是一系列由变量的对、三元组和更高阶组合之间的相关性贡献的非负项。我们在噪声逻辑计算的简单模型上说明了这种分解，然后将其应用于视网膜对复杂动态视觉场景的神经活动模式的分析。我们发现，即使视觉输入不打破，神经活动也会打破详细平衡，而这种不可逆性主要来自于神经元对之间的相互作用。
