World Health Organization, East and South Africa, Sub Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya.
World Health Organization (WHO), WHO Country Office, Juba, South Sudan.
Pan Afr Med J. 2022 Jun 9;42(Suppl 1):5. doi: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2022.42.1.33769. eCollection 2022.
the emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic diseases have threatened both human and animal health globally since their identification in the 20th century. Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus is a recurrent zoonotic disease in South Sudan, with the earliest RVF cases confirmed in 2007 in Kapoeta North County, Eastern Equatoria state.
we analyzed national RVF outbreak data to describe the epidemiological pattern of the RVF outbreak in Yirol East county in Lakes State. The line list of cases (confirmed, probable, suspected, and non-cases) was used to describe the pattern and risk factors associated with the outbreak. The animal and human blood samples were tested using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) (Immunoglobulin IgG and IgM) and Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Qualitative data were collected from weekly RVF situation reports, and national guidelines and policies.
between December 2017 and December 2018, 58 suspected human RVF cases were reported. The cases were reclassified based on laboratory and investigations results, such that as of 16th December 2018, there were a total of six (10.3%) laboratory-confirmed, three (5.2%) probable, one (1.7%) suspected, and 48 (82.8%) non-cases were reported. A total of four deaths were reported during the outbreak (case fatality rate (CFR) 6.8% (4/58). A total of 28 samples were collected from animals; of these, six tested positives for RVF (positivity rate of 32.1% (9/28). The outbreak was announced in March 2018, after four months of the first reported suspected RVF case. Several factors were attributed to the delayed notification and outbreak announcement such as lack of multi-sectorial coordination at the state and county level, multi-sectoral coordination at national level mostly attended by public health experts from human health, inadequate animal health surveillance, poor coordination between livestock disease surveillance and public health surveillance, limited in-country laboratory diagnostic capacity, the laboratory results for the animal health took longer than expected, and lack of a national One Health approach strategy.
the outbreak demonstrated gaps to investigate and respond to zoonotic disease outbreaks in South Sudan.
自 20 世纪以来，人畜共患疾病的出现和再现威胁着全球人类和动物的健康。裂谷热（RVF）病毒是南苏丹反复出现的人畜共患疾病，最早的 RVF 病例于 2007 年在东赤道州北 Kapoeta 县确认。
我们分析了国家 RVF 暴发数据，以描述湖泊州 Yirol East 县 RVF 暴发的流行病学模式。使用病例清单（确诊、疑似、可能和非病例）来描述暴发的模式和与暴发相关的风险因素。使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）（免疫球蛋白 IgG 和 IgM）和逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测动物和人类血液样本。从每周的 RVF 情况报告、国家指南和政策中收集定性数据。
2017 年 12 月至 2018 年 12 月期间，报告了 58 例疑似人间 RVF 病例。根据实验室和调查结果对病例进行重新分类，截至 2018 年 12 月 16 日，共有 6 例（10.3%）实验室确诊、3 例（5.2%）可能、1 例（1.7%）疑似和 48 例（82.8%）非病例报告。暴发期间报告了 4 例死亡（病死率为 6.8%（4/58）。从动物中采集了 28 份样本，其中 6 份 RVF 检测呈阳性（阳性率为 32.1%（9/28）。2018 年 3 月宣布暴发，距离首例报告的疑似 RVF 病例发生后 4 个月。一些因素导致通报和宣布暴发的时间延迟，例如州和县一级缺乏多部门协调、国家一级的多部门协调主要由人类卫生领域的公共卫生专家参加、动物卫生监测不足、牲畜疾病监测和公共卫生监测之间协调不力、国内实验室诊断能力有限、动物卫生实验室结果比预期时间长，以及缺乏国家的“同一健康”方法战略。
该暴发表明，在南苏丹，对人畜共患疾病暴发的调查和应对存在差距。
