Groen Simon P N, Menninga Marijke C, Cath Daniëlle C, Smid Geert E
De Evenaar Center for Transcultural Psychiatry Drenthe Mental Health Care, Beilen, Netherlands.
Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Rob Giel Onderzoekscentrum, Groningen, Netherlands.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Sep 8;13:944233. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.944233. eCollection 2022.
Recognition that the loss of a loved one may result in prolonged grief disorder (PGD) has gained broad attention recently. PGD may disturb daily functioning to such a degree that mental health treatment is required. Because PGD symptoms often resemble symptoms of common mental disorders (CMD) such as anxiety, depressive, and post-traumatic stress disorder, clinicians may not consider a PGD diagnosis. Moreover, cultural varieties in expression of PGD may complicate recognition. This study explores the prevalence of PGD among both natives and refugees with anxiety, depressive, or trauma- and/or stressor-related disorders as well as clinicians' awareness and knowledge of PGD symptoms. In addition, a psychoeducation module on PGD symptoms is developed through patient expert collaboration.
Prevalence of PGD symptoms is investigated among 50 participants who are referred to outpatient clinics for anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress, using the Traumatic Grief Inventory-Self Report Plus (TGI-SR+) and the Bereavement and Grief-Cultural Formulation Interview (BG-CFI). Clinicians will be interviewed on knowledge (gaps) with respect to PGD symptoms. Finally, focus groups with patient experts are held to develop a psychoeducation module tailored to the patients' needs, norms and values.
This study will show prevalence of PGD among patients who are referred for anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress, awareness and knowledge of clinicians on PGD symptoms, and will offer patient expert informed psychoeducation.
Research on prevalence and recognition of PGD is vital. Study results of the prevalence of PGD will be compared to previous studies. Recognition of PGD as distinct disorder from CMDs requires clinicians' awareness of symptoms related to the loss of a loved one. Thereby, clinicians need to take cultural aspects related to death, bereavement and mourning into consideration.
The study protocol will be carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Exploratory research to assess the prevalence of PGD in patients suffering from CMDs will facilitate adequate diagnosis by increasing clinician's awareness of PGD symptoms. Tailored PGD psychoeducation, co-created by culturally diverse patient experts and clinicians will be made publicly available.
认识到失去亲人可能导致持续性悲伤障碍（PGD）最近已引起广泛关注。PGD可能会严重干扰日常功能，以至于需要进行心理健康治疗。由于PGD症状通常类似于常见精神障碍（CMD）的症状，如焦虑、抑郁和创伤后应激障碍，临床医生可能不会考虑PGD诊断。此外，PGD表达的文化差异可能会使识别变得复杂。本研究探讨了患有焦虑、抑郁或创伤和/或应激源相关障碍的本地人和难民中PGD的患病率，以及临床医生对PGD症状的认识和了解。此外，通过患者专家合作开发了一个关于PGD症状的心理教育模块。
使用创伤性悲伤量表-自我报告升级版（TGI-SR+）和丧亲和悲伤-文化定式访谈（BG-CFI），对50名因焦虑、抑郁或创伤后应激而转诊至门诊的参与者进行PGD症状患病率调查。将对临床医生进行关于PGD症状知识（差距）的访谈。最后，与患者专家举行焦点小组会议，以开发一个根据患者需求、规范和价值观量身定制的心理教育模块。
本研究将显示因焦虑、抑郁和创伤后应激而转诊的患者中PGD的患病率、临床医生对PGD症状的认识和了解，并将提供患者专家提供信息的心理教育。
关于PGD患病率和识别的研究至关重要。将PGD患病率的研究结果与以前的研究进行比较。将PGD识别为与CMD不同的疾病需要临床医生了解与失去亲人相关的症状。因此，临床医生需要考虑与死亡、丧亲和哀悼相关的文化方面。
研究方案将按照相关指南和规定进行。评估患有CMD的患者中PGD患病率的探索性研究将通过提高临床医生对PGD症状的认识来促进充分诊断。由不同文化背景下的患者专家和临床医生共同创建的量身定制的PGD心理教育将公开提供。
