Schools of Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wachemo University, Hosanna, Ethiopia.
College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2022 Sep 27;17(9):e0275131. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275131. eCollection 2022.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is a global health care problem with high mortality. Despite early mortality seeming alarming, data regarding factors that lead to increased early mortality of COVID 19 patients is not well-documented yet. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors of early mortality in patients with confirmed COVID-19 infections.
A case-control study design was employed. With this, a total of 261 COVID-19 deceased recordings were reviewed. The cases of the study were recordings of patients deceased within three days of intensive care unit admission whereas, the rest 187 were recordings of patients who died after three days of admission. Data were collected using an extraction checklist, entered into Epi data version 4.4.2.2, and analyzed by SPSS version 25. After the description, binary logistic regression was run to conduct bivariate and multivariable analyses. Finally, statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05, and an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to report the strength of association.
The analysis was performed on 261 (87 cases and 174 controls) recordings. About 62.5% of the participants were aged above 65 years and two-thirds were males. The presence of cardiovascular disease (AOR = 4.79, with 95%CI: 1.73, 13.27) and bronchial-asthma (AOR = 6.57; 95% CI: 1.39, 31.13) were found to have a statistically significant association with early mortality. The existence of complications from COVID-19 (AOR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.74) and previous history of COVID-19 infection (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.69) were associated with decreased risk of early mortality.
Having cardiovascular diseases and bronchial asthma was associated with an increased risk of early mortality. Conversely, the presence of intensive care unit complications and previous history of COVID-19 infection were associated with decreased risk of early mortality.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 是一种具有高死亡率的全球医疗保健问题。尽管早期死亡率似乎令人震惊，但关于导致 COVID-19 患者早期死亡率增加的因素的数据尚未得到很好的记录。本研究的目的是确定确诊 COVID-19 感染患者早期死亡的危险因素。
采用病例对照研究设计。为此，共回顾了 261 例 COVID-19 死亡记录。本研究的病例为入住重症监护病房后三天内死亡的患者记录，而其余 187 例为入住三天后死亡的患者记录。使用提取检查表收集数据，输入 Epi data 版本 4.4.2.2，并使用 SPSS 版本 25 进行分析。描述后，进行二元逻辑回归以进行单变量和多变量分析。最后，宣布统计显著性为 p 值 <0.05，并使用调整后的优势比和 95%置信区间报告关联强度。
对 261 份（87 例病例和 174 例对照）记录进行了分析。约 62.5%的参与者年龄在 65 岁以上，三分之二是男性。存在心血管疾病（AOR=4.79，95%CI：1.73，13.27）和支气管哮喘（AOR=6.57；95%CI：1.39，31.13）与早期死亡率具有统计学显著关联。COVID-19 并发症的存在（AOR=0.22；95%CI：0.07，0.74）和 COVID-19 既往感染史（AOR=0.17，95%CI：0.04，0.69）与早期死亡率降低相关。
患有心血管疾病和支气管哮喘与早期死亡率增加相关。相反，重症监护病房并发症的存在和 COVID-19 既往感染史与早期死亡率降低相关。
