Guan Xi-Wen, He Peng
State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, APM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China.
NSFC-SPTP Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China.
Rep Prog Phys. 2022 Oct 21;85(11). doi: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac95a9.
Over the past two decades quantum engineering has made significant advances in our ability to create genuine quantum many-body systems using ultracold atoms. In particular, some prototypical exactly solvable Yang-Baxter systems have been successfully realized allowing us to confront elegant and sophisticated exact solutions of these systems with their experimental counterparts. The new experimental developments show a variety of fundamental one-dimensional (1D) phenomena, ranging from the generalized hydrodynamics to dynamical fermionization, Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids, collective excitations, fractional exclusion statistics, quantum holonomy, spin-charge separation, competing orders with high spin symmetry and quantum impurity problems. This article briefly reviews these developments and provides rigorous understanding of those observed phenomena based on the exact solutions while highlighting the uniqueness of 1D quantum physics. The precision of atomic physics realizations of integrable many-body problems continues to inspire significant developments in mathematics and physics while at the same time offering the prospect to contribute to future quantum technology.
在过去二十年中，量子工程在利用超冷原子创建真正的量子多体系统的能力方面取得了重大进展。特别是，一些典型的可精确求解的杨 - 巴克斯特系统已成功实现，使我们能够将这些系统优雅而复杂的精确解与其实验对应物进行对比。新的实验进展展示了各种基本的一维（1D）现象，从广义流体动力学到动态费米子化、汤川 - 卢廷格液体、集体激发、分数排斥统计、量子全同性、自旋 - 电荷分离、具有高自旋对称性的竞争序以及量子杂质问题。本文简要回顾了这些进展，并基于精确解对所观察到的现象进行了严格理解，同时突出了一维量子物理的独特性。可积多体问题的原子物理实现的精确性继续推动数学和物理学的重大发展，同时为未来量子技术做出贡献提供了前景。
