Jakwerth Constanze A, Kitzberger Hannah, Pogorelov Dimitrii, Müller Annika, Blank Simon, Schmidt-Weber Carsten B, Zissler Ulrich M
Center of Allergy / Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz Association, Munich, Germany.
Front Allergy. 2022 Sep 12;3:993937. doi: 10.3389/falgy.2022.993937. eCollection 2022.
MicroRNAs (miRs) have gained scientific attention due to their importance in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases as well as their potential as biomarkers in allergen-specific treatment options. Their function as post-transcriptional regulators, controlling various cellular processes, is of high importance since any single miR can target multiple mRNAs, often within the same signalling pathway. MiRs can alter dysregulated expression of certain cellular responses and contribute to or cause, but in some cases prevent or repress, the development of various diseases. In this review article, we describe current research on the role of specific miRs in regulating immune responses in epithelial cells and specialized immune cells in response to various stimuli, in allergic diseases, and regulation in the therapeutic approach of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). Despite the fact that AIT has been used successfully as a causative treatment option since more than a century, very little is known about the mechanisms of regulation and its connections with microRNAs. In order to fill this gap, this review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge.
微小RNA（miR）因其在过敏性疾病病理生理学中的重要性以及作为变应原特异性治疗选择中生物标志物的潜力而受到科学界的关注。它们作为转录后调节因子，控制着各种细胞过程，这一点至关重要，因为任何单个miR都可以靶向多个mRNA，而且这些mRNA通常处于同一信号通路中。MiR可以改变某些细胞反应的失调表达，并促成或导致，但在某些情况下预防或抑制各种疾病的发展。在这篇综述文章中，我们描述了目前关于特定miR在调节上皮细胞和特殊免疫细胞对各种刺激的免疫反应中的作用的研究，这些研究涉及过敏性疾病以及变应原特异性免疫疗法（AIT）治疗方法中的调节作用。尽管一个多世纪以来AIT已成功用作病因治疗选择，但对其调节机制及其与微小RNA的联系却知之甚少。为了填补这一空白，本综述旨在概述当前的相关知识。
