Health Sciences University, Istanbul Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Department of Family Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. Email:
Health Sciences University, Istanbul Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul, Turkey.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2022;31(3):355-361. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202209_31(3).0003.
Malnutrition is common in elderly patients and is an important geriatric syndrome that increases mortality. We aim to examine the frequency of malnutrition and independent risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized elderly patients with COVID-19.
Patients aged 65 years and older with COVID-19, who were hospitalized between 15th March and 30th April 2020, were included. Demographic characteristics of the patients, their comorbid diseases, medications, malnutrition, and mortality status were recorded. Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 was used as a malnutrition risk screening tool. The factors affecting mortality were analyzed using multivariate Binary Logistic regression analysis.
Of the 451 patients included in the study, the mean age was 74.8±7.46 and 51.2% of them were female. The mean number of comorbid diseases was 1.9±1.28. Malnutrition risk was 64.7%, polymorbidity rate was 57.6% and polypharmacy was 19.3%. Mortality rate was found 18.4%. The risk factors affecting mortality were presented as malnutrition risk (OR: 3.26, p=0.013), high number of comorbid diseases (OR: 1.48, p=0.006), and high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (OR: 1.18, p<0.001), C-reactive protein (OR: 1.01, p<0.001), and ferritin (OR: 1.01, p=0.041) in elderly patients with COVID-19. Malnutrition risk (3.3 times), multiple comorbid diseases (1.5 times), and high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (1.2 times) were independent risk factors that increased the mortality.
The frequency of malnutrition risk and mortality in elderly patients with COVID-19 is high. The independent risk factors affecting mortality in these patients are the risk of malnutrition, multiple comorbid diseases, and a high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio.
营养不良在老年患者中很常见，是一种增加死亡率的重要老年综合征。本研究旨在探讨 COVID-19 住院老年患者营养不良的发生率及与死亡率相关的独立危险因素。
纳入 2020 年 3 月 15 日至 4 月 30 日期间住院的年龄在 65 岁及以上的 COVID-19 患者。记录患者的人口统计学特征、合并症、用药情况、营养不良和死亡状况。采用营养风险筛查 2002 量表作为营养不良风险筛查工具。采用多变量二项逻辑回归分析影响死亡率的因素。
本研究共纳入 451 例患者，平均年龄为 74.8±7.46 岁，51.2%为女性。平均合并症数为 1.9±1.28 个。营养不良风险率为 64.7%，多合并症发生率为 57.6%，多用药率为 19.3%。死亡率为 18.4%。影响死亡率的危险因素为营养不良风险（OR：3.26，p=0.013）、合并症数量多（OR：1.48，p=0.006）、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值高（OR：1.18，p<0.001）、C 反应蛋白（OR：1.01，p<0.001）和铁蛋白（OR：1.01，p=0.041）。营养不良风险（3.3 倍）、多种合并症（1.5 倍）和高中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（1.2 倍）是增加死亡率的独立危险因素。
COVID-19 住院老年患者营养不良风险和死亡率均较高。影响这些患者死亡率的独立危险因素是营养不良风险、多种合并症和高中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值。
