Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala, India-678 557.
Department of Anaesthesiology, Regional Cancer Center, Medical College Campus, Post Bag No. 2417, Thiruvananthapuram, India 695011.
Anal Methods. 2022 Oct 27;14(41):4040-4052. doi: 10.1039/d2ay01290a.
Surgeries are a crucial medical intervention that has saved countless lives from time immemorial. To reduce pain during surgeries patients are administered with anesthetic drugs, which cause loss of sensation and thus reduce the pain involved. However, anesthetists control the effects of the drug by depending on pharmacokinetic calculations, which may vary from patient to patient, thus leading to a reduction in the quality of anesthetic care and adverse effects. To avoid these adverse effects, it is highly necessary to implement a real time monitoring of plasma drug concentration, which will adjust the drug infusion and maintain the levels of drug within therapeutic levels. To implement such a system, it is highly essential to analyze current advances in electrochemical sensor systems for different types of anesthetic drugs like opioids, intravenous anesthetics, and neuromuscular blockers. This review focuses on the present strategy of electrochemical sensors implemented for the detection of anesthetic drugs and it helps towards developing a real time drug dispensing system with respect to the plasma concentration of the drug. This analysis will contribute towards establishing highly effective real time drug dispensing systems like the total intravenous anesthesia technique and patient-controlled analgesia. Such systems will lead to better usage of anesthetic drugs and improve the quality of anesthetic care thus making surgeries safer and more painless.
手术是一种至关重要的医疗干预手段，自古以来就拯救了无数人的生命。为了减轻手术过程中的疼痛，患者会被给予麻醉药物，这会导致感觉丧失，从而减轻所涉及的疼痛。然而，麻醉师通过依赖药代动力学计算来控制药物的效果，这些计算可能因患者而异，从而导致麻醉护理质量下降和不良反应。为了避免这些不良反应，非常有必要实时监测血浆药物浓度，这将调整药物输注并将药物水平维持在治疗水平内。为了实施这样的系统，非常有必要分析用于检测麻醉药物的电化学传感器系统的当前进展，如阿片类药物、静脉内麻醉剂和神经肌肉阻滞剂。本综述重点介绍了用于检测麻醉药物的电化学传感器的现有策略，这有助于开发基于药物血浆浓度的实时药物分配系统。这种分析将有助于建立高效的实时药物分配系统，如全静脉麻醉技术和患者自控镇痛。这样的系统将导致更好地使用麻醉药物，并提高麻醉护理质量，从而使手术更安全、更无痛。
