Kim Eun Joong, Kim Yekyung, Kwon Soyeon, Kang Sung Ho, Park Tae Hoon
Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16229 Republic of Korea
RSC Adv. 2025 Apr 28;15(17):13497-13504. doi: 10.1039/d5ra00523j. eCollection 2025 Apr 22.
The overuse and abuse of narcotics, such as fentanyl and morphine, has resulted in serious threats to human health. Although current detection methods are generally effective, they rely on specialized laboratory equipment. Herein, a forensic electrochemical sensor was developed for the on-site detection of trace quantities of fentanyl and morphine. A screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was modified the electrodeposition of Au and nickel oxide (NiO ) to enhance its electrochemical activity. Au electrodeposition was performed using a multi-potential step method that alternated between deposition and resting potentials (-0.2 and 0.7 V, respectively) with pulse durations of 1 s and 500 ms, respectively. Subsequently, NiO deposited onto the Au-SPCE by applying a constant potential of -1.0 V for 1 h resulted in uniform NiO nanofilms on the three-dimensional leaf-shaped Au structure, as observed by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. In addition, X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirmed the presence and chemical states of Au and NiO on the SPCE surface. The electrochemical sensing performance of the modified SPCE was evaluated using linear sweep voltammetry, which revealed detectable signals at 0.85 and 0.5 V for fentanyl and morphine, respectively. Moreover, the calibration curves exhibited a linear relationship between concentration and current density, thereby confirming the sensitivity of the sensor electrode. The distinct oxidation peak potentials enabled the simultaneous detection of fentanyl and morphine in mixed solutions, confirming its selectivity for target molecules. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of Au-NiO -modified SPCEs as a practical tool for rapid and selective electrochemical detection of narcotic substances.
芬太尼和吗啡等麻醉药品的过度使用和滥用已对人类健康构成严重威胁。尽管目前的检测方法总体上是有效的，但它们依赖于专门的实验室设备。在此，开发了一种法医电化学传感器，用于现场检测痕量的芬太尼和吗啡。通过金和氧化镍（NiO ）的电沉积对丝网印刷碳电极（SPCE）进行修饰，以增强其电化学活性。金的电沉积采用多电位阶跃法，在沉积电位和静止电位（分别为-0.2 V和0.7 V）之间交替，脉冲持续时间分别为1 s和500 ms。随后，通过施加-1.0 V的恒定电位1 h，将NiO 沉积到金修饰的SPCE上，聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜观察到在三维叶状金结构上形成了均匀的NiO 纳米膜。此外，X射线衍射和光电子能谱分析证实了金和NiO 在SPCE表面的存在及其化学状态。使用线性扫描伏安法评估修饰后的SPCE的电化学传感性能，结果显示芬太尼和吗啡分别在0.85 V和0.5 V处有可检测信号。此外，校准曲线显示浓度与电流密度之间呈线性关系，从而证实了传感器电极的灵敏度。不同的氧化峰电位使得能够同时检测混合溶液中的芬太尼和吗啡，证实了其对目标分子的选择性。本研究结果表明，金-氧化镍修饰的SPCE作为一种快速、选择性电化学检测麻醉药品的实用工具具有潜力。
