Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana.
Department of Estate Management, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana.
PLoS One. 2022 Sep 29;17(9):e0275202. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275202. eCollection 2022.
Awareness creation through mass media has the potential to promoted positive behaviors and discourage negative health-related behaviors through direct and indirect pathways. In this study, we examined the association between exposure to mass media and maternal health care services utilization among women in sub-Saharan Africa.
We used data from the recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 2010 and 2020. A total of 28 countries with a survey dataset within 2010-2020 were included in our study. We included 199,146 women who had ever had a pregnancy in the last five years preceding the survey. Weighting was applied. Multilevel mixed-effect models were considered to account for cluster-level variations and correct inferences. Fixed and random effects estimates were reported. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to present the results. Also, we presented the random intercept variations, intraclass correlation coefficient, and model fitness.
Women who listened to radio at least once every week (aOR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.07,1.15) were more likely to attend ANC as against those who did not listen to radio at all. Also, women who watched television at least once a week (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.33,1.46) were more likely to attend ANC compared to those who did not watch television at all. Women who read newspaper/magazine at least once a week (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.14,1.41); listened to radio at least once a week (aOR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.07,1.17); and watched television at least once a week (aOR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.24,1.40), were more likely to utilize SBA than those who did not read newspaper/magazine; listen to radio; and watch television at all. Women who read newspaper/magazine at least once a week (aOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.27,1.45); listened to radio at least once a week (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.32,1.42); and watched television at least once a week (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.32,1.47) were more likely to utilize PNC compared to those who did not.
The study identified a strong positive relationship between mass media exposure and maternal health care services utilization. Specifically, exposure to radio and television were positively associated with ANC visitations. Moreover, exposure to mass media (newspaper/magazine, radio and television) were positively associated with SBA and PNC utilization. Policymakers and other non-governmental organizations should continuously invest resources in the design and implementation of maternal health service utilization educational programs through all the mass media channels to scale up women's maternal health service services utilization uptake in sub-Saharan Africa.
通过大众媒体进行宣传，具有通过直接和间接途径促进积极行为和劝阻不良健康相关行为的潜力。本研究调查了撒哈拉以南非洲地区妇女接触大众媒体与利用孕产妇保健服务之间的关系。
我们使用了最近的人口与健康调查（DHS）在 2010 年至 2020 年期间收集的数据。我们的研究纳入了在 2010-2020 年期间进行了调查数据集的 28 个国家。我们纳入了在调查前五年内曾有过怀孕的 199146 名妇女。应用了加权。考虑到群集层面的变化和正确的推论，采用多水平混合效应模型。报告固定和随机效应估计值。使用调整后的优势比（aOR）及其 95%置信区间（CI）表示结果。还展示了随机截距变化、组内相关系数和模型拟合度。
每周至少听一次广播的妇女（aOR=1.11，95%CI=1.07，1.15）比完全不听广播的妇女更有可能接受 ANC。每周至少看一次电视的妇女（aOR=1.39，95%CI=1.33，1.46）比完全不看电视的妇女更有可能接受 ANC。每周至少阅读一次报纸/杂志的妇女（aOR=1.27，95%CI=1.14，1.41）；每周至少听一次广播的妇女（aOR=1.12，95%CI=1.07，1.17）；以及每周至少看一次电视的妇女（aOR=1.32，95%CI=1.24，1.40），比完全不阅读报纸/杂志；不听广播；以及不看电视的妇女更有可能利用 SBA。每周至少阅读一次报纸/杂志的妇女（aOR=1.35，95%CI=1.27，1.45）；每周至少听一次广播的妇女（aOR=1.37，95%CI=1.32，1.42）；以及每周至少看一次电视的妇女（aOR=1.39，95%CI=1.32，1.47），比完全不利用这些媒体的妇女更有可能利用 PNC。
本研究确定了接触大众媒体与利用孕产妇保健服务之间存在很强的正相关关系。具体而言，接触广播和电视与 ANC 就诊呈正相关。此外，接触大众媒体（报纸/杂志、广播和电视）与 SBA 和 PNC 的利用呈正相关。决策者和其他非政府组织应继续通过所有大众媒体渠道投入资源，设计和实施孕产妇保健服务利用教育方案，以提高撒哈拉以南非洲地区妇女对孕产妇保健服务的利用。
