Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xinda Road, Taichung City, 40227 Taiwan, R.O.C.
Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2022 Dec 14;115(6):1901-1910. doi: 10.1093/jee/toac144.
The Euwallacea fornicatus species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) is a group of four cryptic ambrosia beetle species. Native to Asia, several members of the complex have invaded other continents, where they cause significant economic losses to agricultural crops (e.g., avocado) and natural ecosystems. We were primarily interested in developing management strategies by focusing on the flight behavior of the beetles. Thus, seasonal differences in flight activity were assessed using panel traps baited with a commercial quercivorol lure, placed in infested avocado orchards in Danei, Tainan, Taiwan. Same traps were used to investigate the flight activity of a natural enemy, an undescribed species of the Braconid genus Eucosmophorus sp. Shothole borer species were identified using a DNA-based, high resolution melting assay. Trap data were compared to the predictions of a simple degree-day model, incorporating developmental data and several environmental parameters known to influence flight. Such as the time period representing most of flight activity in a day and temperature-dependent flight propensity. In stark contrast to the degree-day model which predicted the highest emergence, and by extension flight, of shothole borers during spring and summer (May to November), flight activity was actually lowest during these months, and instead, peaked during the winter (October to March). Abundance of the parasitoid wasp closely mirrored flight activity of the shothole borers. The mismatch of trapping and modeling data can have many causes, heavy precipitation and possibly cooperative brood care may suppress the dispersal behavior of the shothole borers during the summer.
红脂大小蠹种复合体（鞘翅目：象甲科：小蠹科：扁甲小蠹族）是一组四个隐密的粉状粒小蠹。原产于亚洲，该复合体的几个成员已入侵其他大陆，在那里它们给农业作物（如鳄梨）和自然生态系统造成重大经济损失。我们主要关注通过聚焦于甲虫的飞行行为来制定管理策略。因此，使用带有商业栎酮引诱剂的面板陷阱评估了季节性飞行活动差异，这些陷阱放置在台湾台南大内的鳄梨园中。同样的陷阱用于调查一种未描述的 Braconid 属 Eucosmophorus sp. 的天敌的飞行活动。使用基于 DNA 的高分辨率熔解分析鉴定了钻孔虫种类。将诱捕数据与简单度日模型的预测进行了比较，该模型纳入了影响飞行的发育数据和几个环境参数，例如代表一天中大部分飞行活动的时间段以及与温度相关的飞行倾向。与预测春季和夏季（5 月至 11 月）红脂大小蠹出现和扩展飞行的最高度-日模型形成鲜明对比的是，这些月份的飞行活动实际上最低，而在冬季（10 月至 3 月）则达到高峰。寄生蜂的丰度与钻孔虫的飞行活动密切吻合。诱捕和建模数据的不匹配可能有多种原因，强降水和可能的合作育雏行为可能会在夏季抑制钻孔虫的扩散行为。
