College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Environ Microbiol Rep. 2022 Dec;14(6):833-849. doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.13126. Epub 2022 Oct 2.
Soils are a main repository of biodiversity harbouring immense diversity of microbial species that plays a central role in fundamental ecological processes and acts as the seed bank for emergence of the plant microbiome in cropland ecosystems. Crop-associated microbiomes play an important role in shaping plant performance, which includes but not limited to nutrient uptake, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Although our understanding of structure and function of soil and plant microbiomes has been rapidly advancing, most of our knowledge comes from ecosystems in natural environment. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge of diversity and function of microbial communities along the soil-plant continuum in agroecosystems. To characterize the ecological mechanisms for community assembly of soil and crop microbiomes, we explore how crop host and environmental factors such as plant species and developmental stage, pathogen invasion, and land management shape microbiome structure, microbial co-occurrence patterns, and crop-microbiome interactions. Particularly, the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes in microbial community assembly is illustrated under different environmental conditions, and potential sources and keystone taxa of the crop microbiome are described. Finally, we highlight a few important questions and perspectives in future crop microbiome research.
土壤是生物多样性的主要储存库，蕴藏着巨大的微生物物种多样性，在基本生态过程中发挥着核心作用，并作为农田生态系统中植物微生物组出现的种子库。与作物相关的微生物组在塑造植物性能方面发挥着重要作用，包括但不限于养分吸收、抗病性和非生物胁迫耐受性。尽管我们对土壤和植物微生物组的结构和功能的理解正在迅速推进，但我们的大部分知识来自于自然环境中的生态系统。在这篇综述中，我们概述了农业生态系统中土壤-植物连续体中微生物群落的多样性和功能的现有知识。为了描述土壤和作物微生物组群落组装的生态机制，我们探讨了作物宿主和环境因素（如植物物种和发育阶段、病原体入侵和土地管理）如何塑造微生物组结构、微生物共同发生模式和作物-微生物组相互作用。特别是，在不同的环境条件下，说明了确定性和随机性过程在微生物群落组装中的相对重要性，并描述了作物微生物组的潜在来源和关键类群。最后，我们强调了未来作物微生物组研究中的一些重要问题和观点。
