Specht Freya, Vöhringer Max, Knaevelsrud Christine, Wagner Birgit, Stammel Nadine, Böttche Maria
Research Department, Center ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany.
Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Sep 15;13:933848. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.933848. eCollection 2022.
Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) has been included as a new diagnosis in the ICD-11 and is set to be included in the DSM-5-TR. To better identify vulnerable individuals, different factors associated with PGD have to be taken into account, but results regarding these factors remain equivocal. Moreover, few studies on PGD are available from Arabic-speaking populations and from different countries dealing with conflicts and wars. The objective was thus to examine PGD prevalence and associated characteristics in these populations.
A total of = 1,051 bereaved participants from Arabic-speaking populations completed the PG-13 as part of a screening procedure for an online mental health intervention. Multiple linear regression was conducted to examine associated factors for PGD symptom severity, and multiple logistic regression was applied to investigate associated factors for PGD according to PG-13 diagnostic criteria.
Of the participants, 18.8% ( = 198) met the PGD diagnostic criteria, at an average of about 6 years post-loss. The multiple linear regression yielded eight associated factors for PGD symptom severity (age, gender, number of losses, number of traumatic event types, relationship with the deceased, age at loss, impairment during first year post-loss, perceived social support), which explained 40.2% of the variance [ = 40.82, < 0.001, = 0.402]. The multiple logistic regression yielded five significant associations with PGD (gender, relationship with the deceased, number of lost persons, impairment during first year post-loss, perceived social support), which explained 33.0% (Nagelkerke ) of the variance in PGD according to PG-13 diagnostic criteria.
A substantial proportion of the participants met the PG-13 criteria for PGD, emphasizing that therapeutic services are indispensable in this population. The associated factors for PGD found in our Arab-speaking sample are largely consistent with those found in studies from other regions. The slightly differing numbers of associated factors between the linear and logistic regression underline that a continuous score reflects the continuum between normal and dysfunctional grieving, and therefore also a range of factors associated with PGD.
持续性悲伤障碍（PGD）已被纳入《国际疾病分类第11版》（ICD - 11）中的新诊断类别，并将被纳入《精神疾病诊断与统计手册第5版修订版》（DSM - 5 - TR）。为了更好地识别易患个体，必须考虑与PGD相关的不同因素，但关于这些因素的研究结果仍不明确。此外，针对阿拉伯语人群以及经历冲突和战争的不同国家的PGD研究很少。因此，本研究的目的是调查这些人群中PGD的患病率及其相关特征。
共有1051名来自阿拉伯语人群的丧亲参与者完成了PG - 13量表，作为在线心理健康干预筛查程序的一部分。进行多元线性回归以检查PGD症状严重程度的相关因素，并应用多元逻辑回归根据PG - 13诊断标准调查PGD的相关因素。
在参与者中，18.8%（n = 198）符合PGD诊断标准，平均在丧亲后约6年。多元线性回归得出了PGD症状严重程度的八个相关因素（年龄、性别、丧亲次数、创伤事件类型数量、与逝者的关系、丧亲时的年龄、丧亲后第一年的功能损害、感知到的社会支持），这些因素解释了40.2%的方差[F = 40.82，p < 0.001，R² = 0.402]。多元逻辑回归得出了与PGD的五个显著关联因素（性别、与逝者的关系、失去的人数、丧亲后第一年的功能损害、感知到的社会支持），根据PG - 13诊断标准，这些因素解释了PGD方差的33.0%（Nagelkerke R²）。
相当一部分参与者符合PGD的PG - 13标准，强调了该人群中治疗服务的不可或缺性。我们在阿拉伯语样本中发现的PGD相关因素在很大程度上与其他地区研究中发现的因素一致。线性回归和逻辑回归中相关因素数量略有不同，这表明连续评分反映了正常悲伤和功能失调悲伤之间的连续性，因此也反映了一系列与PGD相关的因素。
