Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Front Public Health. 2022 Sep 15;10:1010236. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1010236. eCollection 2022.
In Italy, in 2013, a new school curriculum with a sport character was established in high schools, called Sports High School (SHS). The aims of this study were: (1) to assess the fitness levels of SHS students who, respecting all the safety rules to limit the spread of COVID-19, practiced physical education (PE) at school with continuity for almost all of 2021, and to compare them with Traditional High School (THS) students; (2) to evaluate as the SHS may have influenced the fitness levels in adolescents.
This is a case-control study in which thirty participants were enrolled (SHS: = 15; THS: = 15). To assess the fitness levels, the following tests were administered: the Static Baropodometric and Stabilometric Analyses, the Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), and the Handgrip test. All these tests were administered when the non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for COVID-19 allowed the resumption of PE lessons (T0) and 2 months after their resumption (T1).
Unpaired -test between SHS (T0) vs. THS (T0) showed significant differences between: Handgrip test Dx and Handgrip test Sx (both < 0.001), Surface Sx foot and Surface Dx foot (both < 0.05), and CMJ ( < 0.001). These results were also confirmed in T1. The performance analysis between T0 and T1 of both SHS and THS showed improvements in SHS: Handgrip test Dx ( < 0.05; = 0.57), Handgrip test Sx ( < 0.01; = 0.87), and CMJ ( < 0.05; = 0.59). Pearson's analysis of the results of the tests showed significant strong correlations between: Handgrip test Dx and Handgrip test Sx ( = 0.959; < 0.001), Handgrip test Dx and CMJ ( = 0.881; < 0.001), Handgrip test Sx and CMJ ( = 0.893; < 0.001). The same analysis showed significant but moderate correlations between: Surface foot Sx and CMJ ( = 0.489; < 0.01), Surface foot Sx and y-mean ( = 0.485; < 0.01), Surface foot Dx and CMJ ( = 0.444; < 0.05).
This study is in agreement with the literature showing that the quarantine period and the NPIs for COVID-19 caused a decrease in fitness levels in adolescents. Our results showed that students of SHS recorded higher strength performance both in the Handgrip test and in the CMJ.
2013 年，意大利在高中开设了一门具有体育特色的新课程，称为体育高中（SHS）。本研究的目的是：（1）评估在 COVID-19 期间，为限制 COVID-19 传播而遵守所有安全规则、几乎在整个 2021 年持续进行体育课的 SHS 学生的体能水平，并将其与传统高中（THS）学生进行比较；（2）评估 SHS 对青少年体能水平的影响。
这是一项病例对照研究，共纳入 30 名参与者（SHS：n=15；THS：n=15）。为了评估体能水平，进行了以下测试：静态足压和稳定分析、反向跳（CMJ）和握力测试。所有这些测试都是在 COVID-19 的非药物干预（NPIs）允许恢复体育课（T0）和恢复后 2 个月（T1）时进行的。
未配对 t 检验显示，SHS（T0）与 THS（T0）之间存在显著差异：握力测试 Dx 和握力测试 Sx（均<0.001）、表面 Sx 脚和表面 Dx 脚（均<0.05），以及 CMJ（<0.001）。这些结果在 T1 也得到了证实。对 SHS 和 THS 的 T0 和 T1 之间的表现分析显示，SHS 有所改善：握力测试 Dx（<0.05；=0.57）、握力测试 Sx（<0.01；=0.87）和 CMJ（<0.05；=0.59）。测试结果的 Pearson 分析显示，握力测试 Dx 与握力测试 Sx（=0.959；<0.001）、握力测试 Dx 与 CMJ（=0.881；<0.001）、握力测试 Sx 与 CMJ（=0.893；<0.001）之间存在显著强相关性。同样的分析显示，表面脚 Sx 与 CMJ（=0.489；<0.01）、表面脚 Sx 与 y-mean（=0.485；<0.01）、表面脚 Dx 与 CMJ（=0.444；<0.05）之间存在显著但中度相关性。
本研究与文献一致，表明隔离期和 COVID-19 的 NPIs 导致青少年体能水平下降。我们的结果表明，SHS 的学生在握力测试和 CMJ 中都表现出更高的力量表现。
