Sahu Rohan Chand, Suthar Teeja, Pathak Anchal, Jain Keerti
Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002 India.
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2022;24(11):189-204. doi: 10.1007/s11908-022-00786-1. Epub 2022 Sep 23.
Japanese encephalitis (JE), a clinical indication of JE virus-induced brain inflammation, is the most prevalent cause of viral encephalitis in the world. This review gives a comprehensive update on the epidemiology, clinical features, therapeutic trials and approaches for preventing the spread of JE. It also outlines the different JE vaccines used in various countries and recommendations for administration of JE vaccines.
According to the WHO, annual incidence of JE is estimated to be approximately 68,000 cases worldwide. It is widespread across Asia-Pacific, with a potential for worldwide transmission. In endemic locations, JE is believed to affect children below 6 years of age, but in newly affected areas, both adults and children are at risk due to a lack of protective antibodies. Various vaccines have been developed for the prevention of JE and are being administered in endemic countries.
JE is a neuroinvasive disease that causes symptoms ranging from simple fever to severe encephalitis and death. Despite a vast number of clinical trials on various drugs, there is still no complete cure available, and it can only be prevented by adequate vaccination. Various nanotechnological approaches for the prevention and treatment of JE are outlined in this review.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11908-022-00786-1.
日本脑炎（JE）是JE病毒引起的脑部炎症的临床指征，是全球病毒性脑炎最常见的病因。本综述全面更新了JE的流行病学、临床特征、治疗试验以及预防JE传播的方法。它还概述了各国使用的不同JE疫苗以及JE疫苗接种建议。
据世界卫生组织称，全球JE的年发病率估计约为68000例。它在亚太地区广泛传播，有全球传播的可能性。在流行地区，JE被认为会影响6岁以下儿童，但在新受影响地区，由于缺乏保护性抗体，成人和儿童都有感染风险。已经开发出多种预防JE的疫苗，并在流行国家进行接种。
JE是一种神经侵袭性疾病，症状从单纯发热到严重脑炎甚至死亡不等。尽管对各种药物进行了大量临床试验，但仍然没有完全治愈的方法，只能通过充分接种疫苗来预防。本综述概述了预防和治疗JE的各种纳米技术方法。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s11908-022-00786-1获取的补充材料。
