Shami Ashwag Y, Abulfaraj Aala A, Refai Mohammed Y, Barqawi Aminah A, Binothman Najat, Tashkandi Manal A, Baeissa Hanadi M, Baz Lina, Abuauf Haneen W, Ashy Ruba A, Jalal Rewaa S
Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11617, Saudi Arabia.
Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Sep 15;13:990169. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.990169. eCollection 2022.
(or the miracle tree) is a wild plant species widely grown for its seed pods and leaves, and is used in traditional herbal medicine. The metagenomic whole genome shotgun sequencing (mWGS) approach was used to characterize antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of the rhizobiomes of this wild plant and surrounding bulk soil microbiomes and to figure out the chance and consequences for highly abundant ARGs, e.g., , , , , , , , , and , to horizontally transfer to human gut pathogens mobile genetic elements (MGEs). The results indicated that abundance of these ARGs, except for , was higher in rhizosphere of than that in bulk soil microbiome with no signs of emerging new soil ARGs in either soil type. The most highly abundant metabolic processes of the most abundant ARGs were previously detected in members of phyla Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes. These processes refer to three resistance mechanisms namely antibiotic efflux pump, antibiotic target alteration and antibiotic target protection. Antibiotic efflux mechanism included resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND), ATP-binding cassette (ABC), and major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotics pumps as well as the two-component regulatory kdpDE system. Antibiotic target alteration included glycopeptide resistance gene cluster (vanRO), aminocoumarin resistance parY, and aminocoumarin self-resistance parY. While, antibiotic target protection mechanism included RbpA bacterial RNA polymerase (rpoB)-binding protein. The study supports the claim of the possible horizontal transfer of these ARGs to human gut and emergence of new multidrug resistant clinical isolates. Thus, careful agricultural practices are required especially for plants used in circles of human nutrition industry or in traditional medicine.
（或奇迹树）是一种野生植物物种，因其种子荚和叶子而广泛种植，并用于传统草药。采用宏基因组全基因组鸟枪法测序（mWGS）方法来表征这种野生植物根际微生物群落和周围大量土壤微生物群落中的抗生素抗性基因（ARGs），并弄清楚高丰度ARGs（例如， 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 和 ）通过移动遗传元件（MGEs）水平转移到人类肠道病原体的可能性和后果。结果表明，除了 之外，这些ARGs在 的根际中的丰度高于大量土壤微生物群落，并且在两种土壤类型中均未出现新的土壤ARGs迹象。最丰富的ARGs的最丰富代谢过程先前在放线菌门、变形菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门和厚壁菌门成员中被检测到。这些过程涉及三种抗性机制，即抗生素外排泵、抗生素靶点改变和抗生素靶点保护。抗生素外排机制包括抗性-结瘤-细胞分裂（RND）、ATP结合盒（ABC）和主要促进剂超家族（MFS）抗生素泵以及双组分调节kdpDE系统。抗生素靶点改变包括糖肽抗性基因簇（vanRO）、氨基香豆素抗性parY和氨基香豆素自身抗性parY。而抗生素靶点保护机制包括RbpA细菌RNA聚合酶（rpoB）结合蛋白。该研究支持了这些ARGs可能水平转移到人类肠道并出现新的多重耐药临床分离株的说法。因此，需要谨慎的农业实践，特别是对于用于人类营养行业或传统医学领域的植物。
