Alshehri Wafa A, Abulfaraj Aala A, Alqahtani Mashael D, Alomran Maryam M, Alotaibi Nahaa M, Alwutayd Khairiah, Aloufi Abeer S, Alshehrei Fatimah M, Alabbosh Khulood F, Alshareef Sahar A, Ashy Ruba A, Refai Mohammed Y, Jalal Rewaa S
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 21493, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, 21911, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.
AMB Express. 2023 Aug 30;13(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s13568-023-01597-w.
A metagenomic whole genome shotgun sequencing approach was used for rhizospheric soil micribiome of the wild plant Abutilon fruticosum in order to detect antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) along with their antibiotic resistance mechanisms and to detect potential risk of these ARGs to human health upon transfer to clinical isolates. The study emphasized the potential risk to human health of such human pathogenic or commensal bacteria, being transferred via food chain or horizontally transferred to human clinical isolates. The top highly abundant rhizospheric soil non-redundant ARGs that are prevalent in bacterial human pathogens or colonizers (commensal) included mtrA, soxR, vanRO, golS, rbpA, kdpE, rpoB2, arr-1, efrA and ileS genes. Human pathogenic/colonizer bacteria existing in this soil rhizosphere included members of genera Mycobacterium, Vibrio, Klebsiella, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas, Nocardia, Salmonella, Escherichia, Citrobacter, Serratia, Shigella, Cronobacter and Bifidobacterium. These bacteria belong to phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. The most highly abundant resistance mechanisms included antibiotic efflux pump, antibiotic target alteration, antibiotic target protection and antibiotic inactivation. antimicrobial resistance (AMR) families of the resistance mechanism of antibiotic efflux pump included resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump (for mtrA, soxR and golS genes), major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump (for soxR gene), the two-component regulatory kdpDE system (for kdpE gene) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump (for efrA gene). AMR families of the resistance mechanism of antibiotic target alteration included glycopeptide resistance gene cluster (for vanRO gene), rifamycin-resistant beta-subunit of RNA polymerase (for rpoB2 gene) and antibiotic-resistant isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (for ileS gene). AMR families of the resistance mechanism of antibiotic target protection included bacterial RNA polymerase-binding protein (for RbpA gene), while those of the resistance mechanism of antibiotic inactivation included rifampin ADP-ribosyltransferase (for arr-1 gene). Better agricultural and food transport practices are required especially for edible plant parts or those used in folkloric medicine.
采用宏基因组全基因组鸟枪法测序方法对野生植物光叶苘麻的根际土壤微生物组进行研究，以检测抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）及其抗生素抗性机制，并检测这些ARGs转移至临床分离株后对人类健康的潜在风险。该研究强调了此类人类致病或共生细菌通过食物链转移或水平转移至人类临床分离株对人类健康的潜在风险。在细菌人类病原体或定植菌（共生菌）中普遍存在的根际土壤中高度丰富的非冗余ARGs包括mtrA、soxR、vanRO、golS、rbpA、kdpE、rpoB2、arr-1、efrA和ileS基因。存在于该土壤根际的人类致病/定植菌包括分枝杆菌属、弧菌属、克雷伯菌属、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、假单胞菌属、诺卡氏菌属、沙门氏菌属、大肠杆菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属、沙雷氏菌属、志贺氏菌属、克罗诺杆菌属和双歧杆菌属的成员。这些细菌属于放线菌门和变形菌门。最丰富的抗性机制包括抗生素外排泵、抗生素靶点改变、抗生素靶点保护和抗生素失活。抗生素外排泵抗性机制的抗菌抗性（AMR）家族包括抗性-结瘤-细胞分裂（RND）抗生素外排泵（针对mtrA、soxR和golS基因）、主要易化子超家族（MFS）抗生素外排泵（针对soxR基因）、双组分调节kdpDE系统（针对kdpE基因）和ATP结合盒（ABC）抗生素外排泵（针对efrA基因）。抗生素靶点改变抗性机制的AMR家族包括糖肽抗性基因簇（针对vanRO基因）、RNA聚合酶的利福平抗性β亚基（针对rpoB2基因）和抗生素抗性异亮氨酰-tRNA合成酶（针对ileS基因）。抗生素靶点保护抗性机制的AMR家族包括细菌RNA聚合酶结合蛋白（针对RbpA基因），而抗生素失活抗性机制的AMR家族包括利福平ADP-核糖基转移酶（针对arr-1基因）。特别是对于可食用植物部分或用于民间医药的植物部分，需要更好的农业和食品运输实践。
