Ponce-Campos Silvia Denise, Díaz Juan Manuel, Moreno-Agundis Daniela, González-Delgado Ana Laura, Andrade-Lozano Paulina, Avelar-González Francisco Javier, Hernández-Cuellar Eduardo, Torres-Flores Fernando
Unidad Medico Didáctica, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
Unidad de Medicina Interna, Adscripción al Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General ISSSTE Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
Front Rehabil Sci. 2022 May 30;3:907603. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2022.907603. eCollection 2022.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causal agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic disease declared in 2020. The clinical manifestations of this pathology are heterogeneous including fever, cough, dyspnea, anosmia, headache, fatigue, taste dysfunction, among others. Survivors of COVID-19 have demonstrated several persistent symptoms derived from its multisystemic physiopathology. These symptoms can be fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, dry and productive cough, respiratory insufficiency, and psychoemotional disturbance. To reduce and recover from the post-COVID-19 sequelae is fundamental an early and multifactorial medical treatment. Integral post-COVID-19 physiotherapy is a tool to reduce dyspnea, improve lung capacity, decrease psychoemotional alterations, as well as increase the muscle strength affected by this disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to establish a novel physiotherapeutic plan for post-COVID-19 patients, evaluating the effect of this treatment in the reduction of the sequelae in terms of lung capacity, cardio-respiratory, and muscular strength improvements. This was a cross-sectional study in which a protocol of 12 sessions in 4 weeks of physiotherapy was implemented in the patients enrolled. We conducted a medical assessment, an interview, a DASS-21 test, a spirometry, a 6-min walk test, and a hand dynamometer test to evaluate the post-COVID condition of patients before and after the sessions. A total of 42 patients participated in the program. Results of this work showed a decrease of around 50% of post-COVID-19 sequelae and an improvement in the psychoemotional status of patients. Also, we observed an increase of 7.16% in the FEV1 value and 7.56% for FVC. In addition, the maximal functional capacity increased by 0.577 METs, the 6-min walk test performance increased by 13%, and the SpO2 improved by 1.40%. Finally, the handgrip strength test showed an improvement in the left hand and right hand of 2.90 and 2.24 Kg, respectively. We developed this study to propose a novel methodology to provide information for a better treatment and management of post-COVID-19 patients.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）是2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的病原体，COVID-19是2020年宣布的一种大流行病。这种疾病的临床表现多种多样，包括发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难、嗅觉丧失、头痛、疲劳、味觉功能障碍等。COVID-19幸存者表现出了由其多系统病理生理学引起的几种持续症状。这些症状可能是疲劳、呼吸困难、胸痛、干咳和咳痰、呼吸功能不全以及心理情绪障碍。为了减轻COVID-19后遗症并从中恢复，早期的多因素医学治疗至关重要。COVID-19综合物理治疗是一种减轻呼吸困难、改善肺功能、减少心理情绪改变以及增强受该疾病影响的肌肉力量的工具。因此，本研究的目的是为COVID-19康复患者制定一种新的物理治疗方案，评估该治疗在改善肺功能、心肺功能和肌肉力量方面对减轻后遗症的效果。这是一项横断面研究，对纳入的患者实施了为期4周、共12节的物理治疗方案。我们进行了医学评估、访谈、DASS-21测试、肺活量测定、6分钟步行测试和握力计测试，以评估患者在治疗前后的COVID-19后状况。共有42名患者参与了该项目。这项工作的结果显示，COVID-19后遗症减少了约50%，患者的心理情绪状态得到改善。此外，我们观察到第一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）值增加了7.16%，用力肺活量（FVC）增加了7.56%。此外，最大功能能力增加了0.577代谢当量，6分钟步行测试成绩提高了13%，血氧饱和度（SpO2）提高了1.40%。最后，握力测试显示左手和右手的握力分别提高了2.90千克和2.24千克。我们开展这项研究是为了提出一种新方法，为更好地治疗和管理COVID-19康复患者提供信息。
