Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States.
Elife. 2022 Oct 3;11:e82984. doi: 10.7554/eLife.82984.
Direkli Cave, located in the Taurus Mountains of southern Turkey, was occupied by Late Epipaleolithic hunters-gatherers for the seasonal hunting and processing of game including large numbers of wild goats. We report genomic data from new and published specimens from Direkli Cave and, supplemented with historic genomes from multiple species, find a novel lineage best represented by a ~14,000 year old 2.59 X genome sequenced from specimen Direkli4. This newly discovered lineage is a sister clade to the Caucasian tur species ( and ), both now limited to the Caucasus region. We identify genomic regions introgressed in domestic goats with high affinity to Direkli4, and find that West Eurasian domestic goats in the past, but not those today, appear enriched for Direkli4-specific alleles at a genome-wide level. This forgotten 'Taurasian tur' likely survived Late Pleistocene climatic change in a Taurus Mountain refuge and its genomic fate is unknown.
直接利洞穴位于土耳其南部的托罗斯山脉，曾被晚期旧石器时代的狩猎采集者占领，他们在这里季节性地捕猎和处理猎物，包括大量的野生山羊。我们报告了来自直接利洞穴的新的和已发表的标本的基因组数据，并补充了来自多个物种的历史基因组，发现了一个新的谱系，该谱系最好由一个来自 Direkli4 的约 14000 年前的 2.59 X 基因组序列来代表。这个新发现的谱系是与高加索野山羊物种（ 和 ）的姐妹分支，现在都局限于高加索地区。我们在家养山羊中鉴定到了与 Direkli4 具有高度亲和力的基因渗入区域，并发现过去的西亚欧家养山羊，而不是现在的家养山羊，在全基因组水平上似乎富集了 Direkli4 特有的等位基因。这个被遗忘的“托罗斯野山羊”可能在托罗斯山脉的避难所中幸存下来，度过了更新世晚期的气候变化，但其基因组命运尚不清楚。
