Martin Michael, Fangerau Heiner, Karenberg Axel
Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
Institut für Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Universität zu Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 20, 50931, Köln, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2022 Oct;93(Suppl 1):52-61. doi: 10.1007/s00115-022-01314-1. Epub 2022 Oct 5.
The neurologists Sir Ludwig Guttmann and Robert Wartenberg had a number of things in common, e.g., both enjoyed high international recognition for the clinical care they provided to paraplegics and for their contributions to the development of neurological diagnostics. Both were born before 1900. Both were classified as "Jewish" by the National Socialist regime because of their origins. Both had to flee from Germany in the 1930s but nevertheless did not appear to harbor any grudges after 1945; however, both also show differences even more than similarities. Guttmann (1899-1980) stood up for those persecuted, for instance during the November pogroms in 1938. After his late emigration, he soon found a new home in England. His skills in neurosurgery enabled him to convert a military hospital into the world's leading treatment center for spinal cord injuries. He was the founder of the Paralympic Games and received a knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II. In 1971 the German Neurological Society (DGN) awarded him with a late honorary membership during the presidency of the former SS captain Helmut Bauer. In contrast, Robert Wartenberg (1886-1956) found a new neurological home at the University of California in San Francisco and published numerous books, some of which also attracted attention in the German translation. On various occasions, he opposed the remembrance of National Socialist injustice and even justified the "concurrent research" in conjunction with "euthanasia".
神经学家路德维希·古特曼爵士和罗伯特·瓦尔滕贝格有许多共同点,例如,他们两人都因对截瘫患者的临床护理以及对神经诊断学发展的贡献而在国际上享有盛誉。两人都出生于1900年以前。由于他们的出身,两人在纳粹政权下都被归类为“犹太人”。两人都在20世纪30年代不得不逃离德国,但在1945年之后似乎都没有心怀怨恨;然而,两人的不同之处甚至多于相似之处。古特曼(1899 - 1980)为那些受迫害的人挺身而出,比如在1938年的水晶之夜期间。他在晚年移民后,很快在英国找到了新家。他的神经外科技术使他能够将一家军事医院转变为世界领先的脊髓损伤治疗中心。他是残奥会的创始人,并获得了伊丽莎白二世女王授予的爵士头衔。1971年,在前党卫军上尉赫尔穆特·鲍尔担任主席期间,德国神经学会(DGN)授予他名誉会员称号。相比之下,罗伯特·瓦尔滕贝格(1886 - 1956)在旧金山的加利福尼亚大学找到了新的神经学归宿,并出版了许多书籍,其中一些在德语译本中也受到了关注。在各种场合,他反对对纳粹不公正行为的纪念,甚至为与“安乐死”相关的“并行研究”进行辩解。