Martin Michael, Fangerau Heiner, Karenberg Axel
Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Medizinische Fakultät, Moorenstraße 5, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Institut für Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 20, 50931, Köln, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2020 Feb;91(Suppl 1):100-108. doi: 10.1007/s00115-019-00848-1.
There were three Austrian neurologists with connections to neurology in National Socialism who have been honored by the German Neurological Society (DGN) or its predecessor organizations with honorary membership. From 1928 to 1934 Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1857-1940) was head of the Austrian Alliance for National Regeneration and the Study of Heredity; in at least two publications he advocated eugenic measures and racial hygienic positions as defined by Nazi ideology. As a former member of the Greater German People's Party (Großdeutsche Volkspartei), he applied for membership of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) a few months before his death. Walther Birkmayer (1910-1996) was an early member of the NSDAP, SA, SS and other Nazi organizations. As a staunch supporter of the "movement" he worked from 1938 in the Office of Racial Policy of the Gauleitung of Vienna. In lectures and publications he demanded or recommended forced sterilization for a number of neurological diseases. Due to the classification of his grandmother as "non-Aryan", he had to give up his party and university posts and served as a Wehrmacht physician. After some hard years immediately after the war, he was allowed to continue his career. As a co-discoverer of the effect of L‑DOPA on parkinsonism, he was awarded numerous honorary doctorates and honorary memberships. Franz Seitelberger (1916-2007), a member of an SS unit during the Nazi era, benefited in his research work from the 1950s onwards from specimens obtained in the course of neuropathological "concomitant research" to Nazi "euthanasia". It is to be welcomed that the Austrian Society of Neurology (ÖGN) will soon start a historical project investigating open questions related to the Nazi era.
有三位与纳粹时期神经病学有联系的奥地利神经学家曾被德国神经病学学会（DGN）或其前身组织授予荣誉会员身份。1928年至1934年，尤利乌斯·瓦格纳-尧雷格（1857 - 1940）担任奥地利国家复兴与遗传研究联盟主席；他在至少两篇出版物中倡导了纳粹意识形态所定义的优生措施和种族卫生立场。作为大德意志人民党（Großdeutsche Volkspartei）的前成员，他在去世前几个月申请加入纳粹德国工人党（NSDAP）。瓦尔特·比尔克迈尔（1910 - 1996）是NSDAP、冲锋队、党卫军及其他纳粹组织的早期成员。作为“运动”的坚定支持者，他从1938年起在维也纳大区党部的种族政策办公室工作。在讲座和出版物中，他要求或建议对多种神经系统疾病实施强制绝育。由于他的祖母被归类为“非雅利安人”，他不得不放弃党内和大学职位，转而担任国防军医生。战后经过几年艰苦岁月，他得以继续自己的职业生涯。作为左旋多巴对帕金森病疗效的共同发现者，他获得了众多荣誉博士学位和荣誉会员身份。弗朗茨·塞特尔贝格尔（1916 - 2007）在纳粹时期是党卫军部队的一员，从20世纪50年代起，他在研究工作中受益于在纳粹“安乐死”的神经病理学“伴随研究”过程中获取的标本。奥地利神经病学学会（ÖGN）即将启动一个历史项目，调查与纳粹时代相关的未决问题，这值得欢迎。
