Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2022 Oct;19(10):1351-1364. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2131768. Epub 2022 Oct 25.
Implantable devices can be designed to release drugs to localized regions of tissue at sustained and reliable rates. Advances in polymer engineering have led to the design and development of drug-loaded implants with predictable, desirable release profiles. Biodegradable polyesters exhibit chemical, physical, and biological properties suitable for developing implants for pain management, cancer therapy, contraception, antiviral therapy, and other applications.
This article reviews the use of biodegradable polyesters for drug-loaded implants by discussing the properties of commonly used polymers, techniques for implant formulation and manufacturing, mechanisms of drug release, and clinical applications of implants as drug delivery devices.
Drug delivery implants are unique systems for safe and sustained drug release, providing high bioavailability and low toxicity. Depending on the implant design and tissue site of deployment, implants can offer either localized or systemic drug release. Due to the long history of use of degradable polyesters in medical devices, polyester-based implants represent an important class of controlled release technologies. Further, polyester-based implants are the largest category of drug delivery implants to reach the point of testing in humans or approval for human use.
可植入装置可设计为以持续且可靠的速率将药物释放到组织的局部区域。聚合物工程的进步导致了载药植入物的设计和开发，具有可预测的、理想的释放曲线。可生物降解的聚酯具有适合开发用于疼痛管理、癌症治疗、避孕、抗病毒治疗和其他应用的植入物的化学、物理和生物学特性。
本文通过讨论常用聚合物的特性、植入物配方和制造技术、药物释放机制以及植入物作为药物输送装置的临床应用，综述了可生物降解聚酯在载药植入物中的应用。
药物输送植入物是安全且持续释放药物的独特系统，提供高生物利用度和低毒性。根据植入物设计和部署的组织部位，植入物可以提供局部或全身药物释放。由于可生物降解聚酯在医疗器械中的应用历史悠久，基于聚酯的植入物代表了一类重要的控释技术。此外，基于聚酯的植入物是已进入人体测试或获得人体使用批准的药物输送植入物中最大的类别。
