Department of Geography, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, No. 68, Jincheng Street, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430078, People's Republic of China.
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Feb;30(7):17709-17722. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-23435-5. Epub 2022 Oct 6.
Ecosystem services represent a bridge between natural ecosystems and human well-being and are closely associated with landscape ecological risk (LER). Delimiting reasonable LER areas is important for ecosystem protection, and it is essential to link ecosystem services to LER zoning. However, only a few studies have achieved this, and the zoning accuracy of LER remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the ecosystem service value (ESV) and LER index using the equivalent value method and landscape pattern index via the remote sensing of land use data at the county level in China in 2000-2015. We applied bivariate spatial autocorrelation as well as the grey correlation analysis model to analyse the ESV-LER spatial relationships and developed a general framework to improve the accuracy of LER zoning. We found that the average ESV increased from $761.42 thousand/km in 2000 to $766.16 thousand/km in 2015, while the LER index continuously decreased in China. We also discerned a significant negative correlation between ESV and LER (p < 0.001), whereas approximately 750 counties in China exhibited high ESV and low LER indices during the study period. The final LER zoning revealed that the high-LER areas in China were mainly located in the plain areas, and the proportion of counties with high LER levels increased from 17.97% in 2000 to 26.56% in 2015. Overall, our results have important implications for ecological security, future landscape planning and design, and ecologically sustainable development in China.
生态系统服务将自然生态系统与人类福祉联系起来，与景观生态风险（LER）密切相关。划定合理的 LER 区域对于生态系统保护至关重要，将生态系统服务与 LER 分区联系起来至关重要。然而，只有少数研究实现了这一点，LER 的分区精度仍不清楚。因此，本研究采用等价值法和景观格局指数法，利用 2000-2015 年县级土地利用遥感数据，评价了生态系统服务价值（ESV）和 LER 指数。采用二元空间自相关和灰色关联分析模型分析 ESV-LER 空间关系，并建立了改进 LER 分区精度的通用框架。结果表明，2000 年至 2015 年，中国平均 ESV 从 761.42 千万元/平方公里增加到 766.16 千万元/平方公里，LER 指数持续下降。我们还发现 ESV 和 LER 之间存在显著的负相关关系（p<0.001），而在研究期间，中国约有 750 个县的 ESV 较高而 LER 较低。最终的 LER 分区表明，中国高 LER 区主要位于平原地区，2000 年高 LER 县的比例为 17.97%，2015 年为 26.56%。总体而言，本研究结果对中国的生态安全、未来景观规划和设计以及生态可持续发展具有重要意义。
